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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2005, p. 1770-1774, Vol. 49, No. 5
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.5.1770-1774.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biphasic Effects of Geranylgeraniol, Teprenone, and Phytol on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

Yoshihiro Inoue,1* Toshiko Hada,1 Akiko Shiraishi,1 Kazuma Hirose,1 Hajime Hamashima,1 and Shigeki Kobayashi2

Department of Microbiology,1 Department of Analytical Chemistry of Medicines, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan2

Received 10 June 2004/ Returned for modification 15 September 2004/ Accepted 2 February 2005

We examined the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of three diterpenes, namely, geranylgeraniol, teprenone, and phytol, by using a broth dilution with shaking method to identify the effects of diterpenes with long aliphatic carbon chains. We also performed time-kill assays and measured the leakage of K+ ions from bacterial cells in response to these diterpenes. The diterpenes used inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of 0.15 µg/ml, as determined by damage to the cell membranes, and had clear bactericidal activity. However, the inhibitory effects of the diterpenes decreased when the concentration of each was raised above a certain level. The diterpenes tested in this study appeared to have both growth-inhibitory and growth-accelerating effects, and the net effect of each depended on its concentration.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan. Phone: 81 42 721 1552. Fax: 81 42 721 1593. E-mail: inoue{at}ac.shoyaku.ac.jp.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2005, p. 1770-1774, Vol. 49, No. 5
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.5.1770-1774.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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