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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2006, p. 2789-2796, Vol. 50, No. 8
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.01286-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Gene-Specific Effects of Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer-Peptide Conjugates on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Pure Culture and in Tissue Culture

Lucas D. Tilley,1 Orion S. Hine,1 Jill A. Kellogg,1 Jed N. Hassinger,1 Dwight D. Weller,1 Patrick L. Iversen,1 and Bruce L. Geller1,2*

AVI BioPharma, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon,1 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon2

Received 30 September 2005/ Returned for modification 28 November 2005/ Accepted 3 June 2006

The objective was to improve efficacy of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) by improving their uptake into bacterial cells. Four different bacterium-permeating peptides, RFFRFFRFFXB, RTRTRFLRRTXB, RXXRXXRXXB, and KFFKFFKFFKXB (X is 6-aminohexanoic acid and B is ß-alanine), were separately coupled to two different PMOs that are complementary to regions near the start codons of a luciferase reporter gene (luc) and a gene required for viability (acpP). Luc peptide-PMOs targeted to luc inhibited luciferase activity 23 to 80% in growing cultures of Escherichia coli. In cell-free translation reactions, Luc RTRTRFLRRTXB-PMO inhibited luciferase synthesis significantly more than the other Luc peptide-PMOs or the Luc PMO not coupled to peptide. AcpP peptide-PMOs targeted to acpP inhibited growth of E. coli or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to various extents, depending on the strain. The concentrations of AcpP RFFRFFRFFXB-PMO, AcpP RTRTRFLRRTXB-PMO, AcpP KFFKFFKFFKXB-PMO, and ampicillin that reduced CFU/ml by 50% after 8 h of growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) were 3.6, 10.8, 9.5, and 7.5 µM, respectively, in E. coli W3110. Sequence-specific effects of AcpP peptide-PMOs were shown by rescuing growth of a merodiploid strain that expressed acpP with silent mutations in the region targeted by AcpP peptide-PMO. In Caco-2 cultures infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 10 µM AcpP RTRTRFLRRTXB-PMO or AcpP RFFRFFRFFXB-PMO essentially cleared the infection. The IC50 of either AcpP RTRTRFLRRTXB-PMO or AcpP RFFRFFRFFXB-PMO in EPEC-infected Caco-2 culture was 3 µM. In summary, RFFRFFRFFXB, RTRTRFLRRTXB, or KFFKFFKFFXB, when covalently bonded to PMO, significantly increased inhibition of expression of targeted genes compared to PMOs without attached peptide.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804. Phone: (541) 737-1845. Fax: (541) 737-0496. E-mail: gellerb{at}orst.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2006, p. 2789-2796, Vol. 50, No. 8
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.01286-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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