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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2007, p. 169-174, Vol. 51, No. 1
0066-4804/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00261-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bifidobacteria as Affected by Oxgall, Acid, and Hydrogen Peroxide Stress{triangledown}

E. Kheadr,1,2 N. Dabour,1,2 C. Le Lay,1 C. Lacroix,3 and I. Fliss1*

Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4,1 Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt,2 Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zentrum, LFO F18 CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland3

Received 2 March 2006/ Returned for modification 26 May 2006/ Accepted 23 August 2006

The effects of acid, oxgall, and H2O2 on susceptibilities to antibiotics and nisin were examined for 13 strains of bifidobacteria. Susceptibilities to ampicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin, vancomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, paramomycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and nisin A were assayed by a microdilution broth method. Acid-, oxgall- and H2O2-stressed variants were produced and assayed. Exposure to a pH of 2.0 for 60 min reduced susceptibilities to cloxacillin and nisin A but increased susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin in a strain-dependent manner. Exposure to oxgall (0.3%) for 90 min increased susceptibilities to cell wall-directed antibiotics and aminoglycosides but increased resistances to tetracycline and nisin A. Oxidative stress increased the susceptibilities of 70% of the strains to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, of 50% of the strains to cloxacillin and tetracycline, and of 40% of the strains to erythromycin but did not affect susceptibilities to vancomycin, kanamycin, and nisin A. This study shows that exposure of bifidobacteria to stressful conditions resembling those in the gastrointestinal tract may substantially modify their susceptibilities to antibiotics and may thus affect their probiotic capacities, especially when they are used for the management of intestinal infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dairy Research Center STELA, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4. Phone: (418) 656-2131, ext. 6825. Fax: (418) 656-3353. E-mail: ismail.fliss{at}aln.ulaval.ca.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 23 October 2006.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2007, p. 169-174, Vol. 51, No. 1
0066-4804/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00261-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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