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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2007, p. 3568-3573, Vol. 51, No. 10
0066-4804/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00851-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Health Care-Associated Pneumonia and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: a Single-Center Experience{triangledown}

Scott T. Micek,1 Katherine E. Kollef,2 Richard M. Reichley,3 Nareg Roubinian,2 and Marin H. Kollef2*

Department of Pharmacy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri,1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,2 BJC Health Care, Center for Health Care Quality and Effectiveness, St. Louis, Missouri3

Received 29 June 2007/ Returned for modification 24 July 2007/ Accepted 31 July 2007

Pneumonia occurring outside of the hospital setting has traditionally been categorized as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, when pneumonia is associated with health care risk factors (prior hospitalization, dialysis, residing in a nursing home, immunocompromised state), it is now more appropriately classified as a health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The relative incidences of CAP and HCAP among patients requiring hospital admission is not well described. The objective of this retrospective cohort study, involving 639 patients with culture-positive CAP and HCAP admitted between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2005, was to characterize the incidences, microbiology, and treatment patterns for CAP and HCAP among patients requiring hospital admission. HCAP was more common than CAP (67.4% versus 32.6%). The most common pathogens identified overall included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (24.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (20.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.8%), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.5%). The hospital mortality rate was statistically greater among patients with HCAP than among those with CAP (24.6% versus 9.1%; P < 0.001). Administration of inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment was statistically more common among HCAP patients (28.3% versus 13.0%; P < 0.001) and was identified as an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. Our study found that the incidence of HCAP was greater than that of CAP among patients with culture-positive pneumonia requiring hospitalization at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Patients with HCAP were more likely to initially receive inappropriate antimicrobial treatment and had a greater risk of hospital mortality. Health care providers should differentiate patients with HCAP from those with CAP in order to provide more appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 454-8764. Fax: (314) 454-5571. E-mail: mkollef{at}im.wustl.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 August 2007.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2007, p. 3568-3573, Vol. 51, No. 10
0066-4804/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00851-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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