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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2008, p. 345-347, Vol. 52, No. 1
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00711-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

No Genetic Bottleneck in Plasmodium falciparum Wild-Type Pfcrt Alleles Reemerging in Hainan Island, China, following High-Level Chloroquine Resistance

Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, Queensland, Australia,¹ Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,² Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China,³ Malaria Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia⁴

Received 31 May 2007/ Returned for modification 27 August 2007/ Accepted 16 October 2007

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum was highly prevalent in Hainan, China, in the 1970s. Twenty-five years after cessation of chloroquine therapy, the prevalence of P. falciparum wild-type Pfcrt alleles has risen to 36% (95% confidence interval, 22.1 to 52.4%). The diverse origins of wild-type alleles indicate that there was no genetic bottleneck caused by high chloroquine resistance.

Published ahead of print on 22 October 2007.