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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 2149-2152, Vol. 53, No. 5
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00693-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Violacein Extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum Inhibits Plasmodium Growth In Vitro and In Vivo{triangledown}

Stefanie C. P. Lopes,1,2 Yara C. Blanco,1,2 Giselle Z. Justo,3 Paulo A. Nogueira,4,{dagger} Francisco L. S. Rodrigues,4 Uta Goelnitz,5 Gerhard Wunderlich,5 Gustavo Facchini,6 Marcelo Brocchi,1 Nelson Duran,7 and Fabio T. M. Costa1,2*

Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil,1 Departamento de Parasitologia, IB, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil,2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua 3 de Maio 100, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil,3 IPEPATRO/CEPEM, BR 364, KM 4.5, 78900-970 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil,4 Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB-2, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,5 Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, IB, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil,6 Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Biológica, IQ, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil7

Received 27 May 2008/ Returned for modification 30 August 2008/ Accepted 24 February 2009

Violacein is a violet pigment extracted from the gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. It presents bactericidal, tumoricidal, trypanocidal, and antileishmanial activities. We show that micromolar concentrations efficiently killed chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro; inhibited parasitemia in vivo, even after parasite establishment; and protected Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi-infected mice from a lethal challenge.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Phone: 55 19 3788-6594. Fax: 55 19 3788-6276. E-mail: costaftm{at}unicamp.br

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 March 2009.

{dagger} Present address: Centro de Pesquisa Leonidas & Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Biodiversidade em Saúde, 69057-070 Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2009, p. 2149-2152, Vol. 53, No. 5
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00693-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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