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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2009, p. 3561-3564, Vol. 53, No. 8
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00004-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the crt-o and mdr1 Genes of Plasmodium vivax among Chloroquine-Resistant Isolates from the Brazilian Amazon Region{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Pamela Orjuela-Sánchez,1 Franklin Simões de Santana Filho,2 Ariane Machado-Lima,3 Yonne Francis Chehuan,2 Mônica Regina Farias Costa,2 Maria das Graças Costa Alecrim,2 and Hernando A. del Portillo4,5*

Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,1 Foundation for Tropical Medicine of Amazonas, Laboratory of Malaria, Amazonas, Brazil,2 School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities/Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,3 Barcelona Center for International Health and Research, Barcelona, Spain,4 Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain5

Received 2 January 2009/ Returned for modification 14 March 2009/ Accepted 9 May 2009

Plasmodium vivax parasites with chloroquine resistance (CQR) are already circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Complete single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses of coding and noncoding sequences of the pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes revealed no associations with CQR, even if some mutations had not been randomly selected. In addition, striking differences in the topologies and numbers of SNPs in these transporter genes between P. vivax and P. falciparum reinforce the idea that mechanisms other than mutations may explain this virulent phenotype in P. vivax.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CRESIB, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Roselló 132, 4a planta, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Phone: 34 690737229. Fax: 34 934515272. E-mail: hernandoa.delportillo{at}cresib.cat

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 18 May 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aac.asm.org/.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2009, p. 3561-3564, Vol. 53, No. 8
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00004-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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