AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 1 October 2007

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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.00971-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

National and Regional Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance among Community-acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens identified in the U.S. 2005-2006 Faropenem Surveillance Study

Ian A. Critchley^*, Steven D. Brown, Maria M. Traczewski, Glenn S. Tillotson, and Nebojsa Janjic

Replidyne, Inc., Louisville, Colorado 80027, Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, Replidyne, Inc., Milford, Connecticut 06460

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: icritchley{at}replidyne.com.

Surveillance studies conducted in the U.S. over the last decade have revealed increasing resistance among community-acquired respiratory pathogens, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae that may limit future options for empiric therapy. The objective of the study was to assess the scope and magnitude of the problem at the national and regional levels during the 2005-2006 respiratory season in the U.S. Also, since faropenem is an oral penem being developed for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections the study should provide baseline data to benchmark changes in the susceptibility of U.S. respiratory pathogens to the drug in the future. The in vitro activities of faropenem and other agents were determined against 1,543 S. pneumoniae isolates, 978 Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 489 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 104 U.S. laboratories across 6 geographic regions during 2005-2006. Among S. pneumoniae isolates the rates of resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefdinir were 16, 6.4 and 19.2% respectively. The least effective agents were trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and azithromycin with resistance rates of 23.5 and 34% respectively. Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae varied by region from 8.7 to 22.5% as did multi drug resistance from 8.8 to 24.9%. Resistance to -lactams, azithromycin and SXT was higher among S. pneumoniae from children than adults. -Lactamase production among H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was 27.4 and 91.6% respectively. Faropenem MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were; 0.5 µg/mL for S. pneumoniae, 1 µg/mL for H. influenzae and 0.5 µg/mL for M. catarrhalis suggesting it shows promise as a treatment option for respiratory infections caused by contemporary resistant phenotypes.

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