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Antifungal Peptides: Novel Therapeutic Compounds against Emerging Pathogens

Anthony J. De Lucca, Thomas J. Walsh
Anthony J. De Lucca
Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, 1 and
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Thomas J. Walsh
Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2
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DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.1.1
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Tables

  • Table 1.

    Mammalian antifungal peptides

    PeptideSourceNo. of amino acidsMode of actionTypical target organismIn vitro MIC (μg/ml)
    Defensins
     NP-1Rabbit granulocytes33Lysis C. neoformans 3.75–15.0a
     NP-2Rabbit granulocytes33Lysis A. fumigatus 25.0
     NP-3ARabbit granulocytes34Lysis A. fumigatus 100.0
     NP-3BRabbit granulocytes33Lysis A. fumigatus 100.0
     NP-4Rabbit granulocytes33Lysis A. fumigatus >100.0
     NP-5Rabbit granulocytes33Lysis A. fumigatus Inactive alone
     HNP-1Human neutrophils30Lysis C. albicans 50.0
     HNP-2Human neutrophils29Lysis C. albicans 50.0
     HNP-3Human neutrophils30Lysis C. neoformans 50.0 (LD50 b)
    Gallinacin-1Chicken39Lysis C. albicans 25.0
    Lactoferricin-BHuman, bovine18Lysis C. albicans 0.8
    Protegrins 1 to 3Human, porcine16–18Lysis C. albicans 3.0–60.0
    Tracheal antimicrobial peptideHuman, bovine38Lysis C. albicans 6.0–12.0
    TritrptcinHuman, porcine13Lysis A. flavus 250.0
    • ↵a MICs based on assays with multiple isolates.

    • ↵b LD50, lethal dose for 50% of the population.

  • Table 2.

    Insect and amphibian antimicrobial peptides

    PeptideSourceNo. of amino acidsMode of actionTypical target organismIn vitro MIC (μg/ml)
    Antifungal peptide S. peregrina 67Lysis C. albicans 25.0
    Cecropins
     A H. cecropia 37Lysis F. oxysporum 12.0
     B H. cecropia 35Lysis A. fumigatus  9.5
    Dermaseptins
     b P. sauvagii 27Lysis C. neoformans 60.0
     s P. sauvagii 34Lysis C. neoformans  5.0
    Drosomycin D. melanogaster 44Lysis F. oxysporum 5.9–12.3a
    Magainin 2 X. laevis 23Lysis C. albicans 80  
    Thanatin P. maculiventris 21Unknown A. fumigatus 24–48a
    • ↵a MICs based on assays with multiple isolates.

  • Table 3.

    Bacterial and fungal antifungal peptides

    PeptideSourceStructureMode of actionTypical target organismIn vitro MIC (μg/ml)
    1901-II P. lilacinus Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. tropicalis 12.5
    1907-VIII P. lilacinus Amino-peptideUnknown C. tropicalis 50.0
    A12-C B. licheniformis PeptideHyphal proliferation M. canis Unknown
    Aculeacins Aspergillus aculeatus LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans  0.2–6.3a 
    Aureobasidin A A. pullulans Cyclic depsipeptideActin assembly C. neoformans 0.63
    Bacillomycin F Bacillus subtilis LipopeptideLysis Aspergillus niger 40.0
    CB-1 B. licheniformis LipopeptideChitin binding F. oxysporum 50.0 (IC50 b)
    Cepacidine A1 B. cepacia Cyclic glycopeptideUnknown A. niger 0.098
    Cepacidine A2 B. cepacia Cyclic glycopeptideUnknown A. niger 0.096
    Echinocandin B A. nidulans LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.625
    Fungicin M-4 B. licheniformis Cyclic peptideUnknown Mucor sp. 8.0
    FR900403 Kerniasp.LipopeptideChitin synthesis C. albicans 0.4
    Helioferin A M. rosea LipopeptideUnknown C. albicans 5.0
    Helioferin B M. rosea LipopeptideUnknown C. albicans 5.0
    Iturin A B. subtilis LipopeptideLysis S. cerevisiae 22.0
    Leucinostatin A P. lilacinum Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. neoformans 0.5
    Leucinostatin H P. marquandii Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. albicans 10.0
    Leucinostatin K P. marquandii Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. albicans 25.0
    Mulundocandin A. syndowi LipopeptideGlycan synthesis C. albicans, A. niger 0.97
    31.25
    Nikkomycin X Streptomyces tendae Peptide-nucleosideChitin synthesis C. immitis 0.125
    Nikkomycin Z S. tendae Peptide-nucleosideChitin synthesis C. immitis 0.77
    Pneumocandin A0 Z. arboricola LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicansisolates0.12–2.0a 
    Polyoxin D S. cacaoi Trinucleoside peptideChitin synthesis C. immitis 0.125
    Pseudomycin A P. syringae LipodepsinonapeptideLysis C. neoformans 1.56
    Schizotrin A Schizotrix sp.Cyclic undecapeptideUnknown C. albicans 0.02
    Syringomycin E P. syringae LipodepsipeptideLysis C. neoformans  0.8–12.5a
    Syringostatin A P. syringae LipodepsipeptideLysis (?) A. fumigatus  5.0–40.0a
    Syringotoxin B P. syringae LipodepsinonapeptideLysis (?) C. albicans  3.2–50.0a
    Trichopolyn A T. polysporum Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. neoformans 0.78
    Trichopolyn B T. polysporum Amino-lipopeptideUnknown C. neoformans 0.78
    WF11899 A Coleophoma empetri LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.16
    WF11899 B C. empetri LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.008 (IC50)
    WF11899 C C. empetri LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.008 (IC50)
    • ↵a MICs based on assays with multiple isolates.

    • ↵b IC50, inhibitory concentration for 50% of the population.

  • Table 4.

    Synthetic and semisynthetic antifungal peptides

    PeptideStructureMode of actionTypical target organismIn vitro MIC (μg/ml)
    Cilofungin (LY121019)LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.62
    D4E1Linear peptideLysis (?) A. flavus 26.25
    L731,373LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans ≤0.06
    L733,560LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.06
    L743,872 (MK-0991)LipopeptideGlucan synthesis A. flavus 0.09–3.12
    L773,560LipopeptideGlucan synthesis C. albicans 0.5
    LY303366LipopeptideGlucan synthesis Candida krusei 0.5
  • Table 5.

    Plant antifungal peptides

    PeptideSourceNo. of amino acidsMode of actionTypical target organismIn vitro MIC (μg/ml)
    ACE-AMP1 A. cepa 84Unknown F. oxysporum 0.3 (IC50 a)
    Hs-AFP1 H. sanginea 54Unknown F. moniliforme 125.0
    Ib-AMP3 I. balsamina 20Unknown F. moniliforme 50.0
    Rs-AFP2 R. sativus 51Unknown F. moniliforme 125.0
    Zeamatin Z. mays 27Lysis (?) C. albicans 0.5
    • ↵a IC50, inhibitory concentration for 50% of the population.

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Antifungal Peptides: Novel Therapeutic Compounds against Emerging Pathogens
Anthony J. De Lucca, Thomas J. Walsh
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1999, 43 (1) 1-11; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.1.1

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Antifungal Peptides: Novel Therapeutic Compounds against Emerging Pathogens
Anthony J. De Lucca, Thomas J. Walsh
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1999, 43 (1) 1-11; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.1.1
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  • Top
  • Article
    • CLASSIFICATION OF PEPTIDES
    • MAMMALIAN PEPTIDES
    • INSECT-DERIVED ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES
    • AMPHIBIAN-DERIVED PEPTIDES
    • ANTIFUNGAL PEPTIDES PRODUCED BY BACTERIA AND FUNGI
    • CHITIN SYNTHASE INHIBITORS
    • PEPTIDES AFFECTING GLUCAN SYNTHESIS
    • OTHER ANTIFUNGAL PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM BACTERIA AND FUNGI
    • PLANT ANTIFUNGAL PEPTIDES
    • SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

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