DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.2.385
Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
β-Lactamase-mediated ampicillin resistance among respiratory tract isolates of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis from U.S. and Canadian medical centers
Country Site H. influenzae M. catarrhalis No. of isolates % β-Lactamase positive No. of isolates % β-Lactamase positive United States Veterans Administration Medical Center, Boston, Mass. 35 20.0 18 88.9 Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, N.Y. 37 29.7 15 93.3 Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, N.Y. 31 25.8 7 100.0 Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, N.Y. 39 43.6 19 89.5 The Medical Center of Delaware, Wilmington 32 43.8 19 84.2 University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 16 37.5 5 100.0 Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, N.C. 40 37.5 19 89.5 University Medical Center, Jacksonville, Fla. 37 27.0 20 85.0 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 21 38.1 9 100.0 University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Ky. 33 30.3 20 95.0 Summa Health Systems, Akron, Ohio 37 32.4 6 66.7 Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich. 38 47.4 15 93.3 Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis 39 23.1 16 87.5 Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill. 15 33.3 4 100.0 University of Illinois Hospital, Chicago 22 50.0 10 90.0 Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, Milwaukee, Wis. 40 37.5 10 70.0 Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Mo. 21 23.8 10 80.0 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 35 48.6 20 100.0 Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebr. 37 29.7 18 88.9 Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, Tex. 9 11.1 7 85.7 University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston 24 33.3 21 100.0 Denver General Hospital, Denver, Colo. 29 34.5 4 66.7 University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque 39 38.5 10 100.0 St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, Calif. 36 30.6 11 100.0 Kaiser Regional Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif. 31 35.5 17 100.0 Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, Wash. 33 18.2 21 95.2 University of Washington, Seattle 25 48.0 10 100.0 Subtotal (United States) 837 34.2 374 92.0 Canada Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia 39 48.7 21 85.7 Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec 34 23.5 16 75.0 Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario 38 21.1 20 100.0 Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario 19 26.3 20 100.0 The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario 37 37.8 17 100.0 Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba 35 28.6 23 95.7 University of Alberta Hospital Site, Edmonton 38 28.9 12 91.7 Subtotal (Canada) 240 31.3 129 93.0 Grand total 1,077 33.5 503 92.2 - Table 2.
In vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents against 1,077 respiratory tract isolates of H. influenzae from North American medical centers
Antimicrobial agent MIC (μg/ml) % by categorya Breakpointa 50% 90% Range Mode Susceptible Resistant Susceptible Resistant Amoxicillin-clavulanate 0.5 2 ≤0.06–16 0.25–2 99.8 0.2 ≤4/2 ≥8/4 Cefaclor 2 32 ≤0.25–>32 2 79.6 12.8 ≤8 ≥32 Cefuroxime 0.5 2 ≤0.06–16 0.5 95.7 1.5 ≤4 ≥16 Cefixime ≤0.03 0.12 ≤0.03–1 ≤0.03 100.0 ≤1 Cefpodoxime 0.06 0.25 ≤0.03–1 0.06 100.0 ≤2 Cefotaxime 0.015 0.06 ≤0.008–0.5 0.015 100.0 ≤2 Cefepime 0.12 0.25 ≤0.06–2 0.12 100.0 ≤2 Azithromycin 2 2 ≤0.12–>16 2 99.8 0.2 ≤4 Clarithromycin 8 16 ≤0.25–>32 8 61.4 3.9 ≤8 ≥32 Erythromycin 4 8 ≤0.25–>32 4 Chloramphenicol ≤2 ≤2 ≤2–>16 ≤2 99.0 0.7 ≤2 ≥8 Tetracycline ≤2 ≤2 ≤2–>16 ≤2 98.6 0.9 ≤2 ≥8 TMP-SMX ≤0.25 8 ≤0.25–>8 ≤0.25 77.3 16.2 ≤0.5 ≥4 Rifampin ≤1 ≤1 ≤1–>2 ≤1 95.7 0.1 ≤1 ≥4 ↵a Breakpoints are those advocated by the NCCLS for use in MIC determinations with H. influenzae(17).
- Table 3.
In vitro activities of 14 antimicrobial agents against 503 respiratory tract isolates of M. catarrhalisfrom North American medical centers
Antimicrobial agent MIC (μg/ml) % by categorya Breakpointa 50% 90% Range Mode Susceptible Resistant Susceptible Resistant Amoxicillin-clavulanate 0.12 0.25 ≤0.06–4 0.25 100.0 0.0 ≤8/4 ≥16/8 Cefaclor 1 2 ≤0.25–32 0.50 99.6 0.2 ≤8 ≥32 Cefuroxime 1 2 0.12–8 1 99.2 0.0 ≤4 ≥32 Cefixime 0.25 0.5 ≤0.03–2 0.25 99.4 0.0 ≤1 ≥4 Cefpodoxime 1 2 ≤0.03–>4 1 99.0 0.2 ≤2 ≥8 Cefotaxime 0.5 1 ≤0.008–2 0.5 100.0 0.0 ≤8 ≥64 Cefepime 1 4 ≤0.06–8 1 100.0 0.0 ≤8 ≥32 Azithromycin ≤0.12 ≤0.12 ≤0.12–0.25 ≤0.12 100.0 0.0 ≤2 ≥8 Clarithromycin ≤0.25 ≤0.25 ≤0.25–1 ≤0.25 100.0 0.0 ≤2 ≥8 Erythromycin ≤0.25 0.5 ≤0.25–1 ≤0.25 99.0 0.0 ≤0.5 ≥8 Chloramphenicol ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 100.0 0.0 ≤8 ≥32 Tetracycline ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 100.0 0.0 ≤4 ≥16 TMP-SMX ≤0.25 0.5 ≤0.25–8 ≤0.25 99.2 0.2 ≤2/38 ≥8/152 Rifampin ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 100.0 0.0 ≤1 ≥4 ↵a Breakpoints are those advocated by the NCCLS for use in MIC determinations with nonfastidious bacteria that grow well on unsupplemented Mueller-Hinton medium (17).
