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Susceptibility

Antimicrobial Activities of Amine- and Guanidine-Functionalized Cholic Acid Derivatives

Chunhong Li, Matthew R. Lewis, Amy B. Gilbert, Mark D. Noel, David H. Scoville, Glenn W. Allman, Paul B. Savage
Chunhong Li
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
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Matthew R. Lewis
Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Amy B. Gilbert
Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Mark D. Noel
Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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David H. Scoville
Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Glenn W. Allman
Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Paul B. Savage
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
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DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.6.1347
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    Fig. 1.

    Structures of cholic acid derivatives 1 to8.

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  • Table 1.

    MICs and MBCs of cholic acid derivatives 1 to8

    OrganismMIC (MBC) (μg/ml)
    CompoundPMB
    12345678
    Gram-negative rods
     E. coli ATCC 2592222 (22)5.1 (6.8)1.4 (3.8)80 (90)36 (40)6.6 (7.4)3.0 (3.0)0.31 (0.37)1.8 (1.8)
     K. pneumoniae ATCC 1388324 (>36)14 (17)3.0 (6.7)>100 (>100)47 (50)23 (27)2.6 (5.8)0.84 (3.0)5.3 (6.8)
     P. aeruginosa ATCC 2785326 (38)11 (>17)5.9 (9.9)85 (97)21 (36)4.6 (6.4)2.0 (3.2)2.0 (2.9)0.20 (3.9)
     S. typhimurium ATCC 1402821 (>25)13 (16)2.2 (3.8)>100 (>100)43 (>47)86 (90)2.6 (6.7)0.81 (1.8)NMa
    Gram-positive cocci
     E. faecalis ATCC 292124.9 (50)3.4 (19)2.2 (16)12 (>100)3.3 (19)3.1 (4.7)3.1 (5.5)3.0 (5.8)40 (>100)
     S. aureus ATCC 259233.1 (5.7)1.0 (4.7)0.6 (3.2)8.6 (54)2.0 (9.2)0.55 (4.2)0.40 (2.0)0.59 (1.4)26 (>100)
     S. pyogenes ATCC 196153.0 (4.4)2.0 (2.3)2.0 (2.1)18 (37)4.2 (5.8)2.4 (3.0)2.3 (2.9)3.5 (3.5)19 (16.3)
    Fungus
     C. albicans ATCC 9002849 (>50)30 (42)11 (50)75 (92)14 (29)41 (45)31 (45)53 (76)NM
    • ↵a NM, not measured.

  • Table 2.

    MICs of erythromycin, novobiocin, and rifampin alone

    DrugMIC (μg/ml) for:
    E. coli ATCC 25922K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853S. typhimurium ATCC 14028
    Erythromycin3033>10061
    Novobiocin4175>100>100
    Rifampin7.6192621
  • Table 3.

    Concentrations of compounds 1, 2,4, 5, and 6 required to lower the MIC of erythromycin and FICs of combinations

    CompoundConcn and FIC fora:
    E. coli ATCC 25922 [1.0]K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 [1.0]P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 [3.0]S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 [1.0]
    ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC3.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)
    12.50.151.00.0726.6<0.293.60.19
    20.230.0780.250.0482.4<0.252.00.17
    43.20.0733.6<0.06616<0.227.1<0.088
    51.50.0740.210.0352.1<0.130.870.037
    60.590.120.100.0351.0<0.240.200.019
    • ↵a All concentrations are in micrograms per milliliter. Concentrations of erythromycin are indicated in brackets.

  • Table 4.

    Concentrations of compounds 1, 2,4, 5, and 6 required to lower the MIC of novobiocin and FICs of combinations

    CompoundConcn and FIC fora:
    E. coli ATCC 25922K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853S. typhimurium ATCC 14028
    ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)
    10.350.0414.70.213.9<0.164.4<0.22
    20.330.0890.490.0482.9<0.274.5<0.36
    44.70.0848.90.1030<0.368.4<0.094
    50.300.0330.730.0295.3<0.261.8<0.052
    60.400.0850.190.0220.72<0.170.39<0.015
    • ↵a All concentrations are in micrograms per milliliter. The concentration of novobiocin used was 1.0 μg/ml.

  • Table 5.

    Concentrations of compounds 1, 2,4, 5, and 6 required to lower the MIC of rifampin and FICs of combinations

    CompoundConcn and FIC fora:
    E. coli ATCC 25922 [0.50]K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 [0.50]P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 [1.0]S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 [1.0]
    ConcnFIC (IC0.5)ConcnFIC (IC0.5)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)ConcnFIC (IC1.0)
    10.740.0990.400.0431.50.0960.840.089
    20.800.220.120.0350.500.0860.390.079
    44.20.121.80.044110.171.40.064
    50.700.0850.160.0300.840.0830.550.063
    60.810.190.110.0310.500.150.100.051
    • ↵a All concentrations are in micrograms per milliliter. Concentrations of rifampin are indicated in brackets.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Amine- and Guanidine-Functionalized Cholic Acid Derivatives
Chunhong Li, Matthew R. Lewis, Amy B. Gilbert, Mark D. Noel, David H. Scoville, Glenn W. Allman, Paul B. Savage
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 1999, 43 (6) 1347-1349; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.6.1347

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Antimicrobial Activities of Amine- and Guanidine-Functionalized Cholic Acid Derivatives
Chunhong Li, Matthew R. Lewis, Amy B. Gilbert, Mark D. Noel, David H. Scoville, Glenn W. Allman, Paul B. Savage
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 1999, 43 (6) 1347-1349; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.6.1347
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KEYWORDS

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Cholates

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