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Tables
- Table 1.
Comparative in vitro activity of GAR-936 and other tetracycline derivatives, selected macrolides, fluoroquinolones, penicillin, and vancomycin against 416 aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens
Organism (no. of isolates) Agent MIC (μg/ml)a Range 50% 90% Ef-4b (17) GAR-936 0.06–0.125 0.06 0.125 Minocycline 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.125 0.125 0.125 Tetracycline 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.125 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.03 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.06 Penicillin-G 0.03–0.5 0.25 0.5 Vancomycin 4–>8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Erythromycin 0.125–1 0.25 0.5 E. corrodens (18) GAR-936 0.25–4 0.5 4 Minocycline 0.125–1 0.25 1 Doxycycline 0.25–2 0.5 2 Tetracycline 0.25–2 0.5 2 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.125 0.03 0.125 Penicillin-G 0.125–2 1 2 Vancomycin 8–>8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.5–8 2 8 Erythromycin 2–8 4 8 Moraxella spp.b(13) GAR-936 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Minocycline 0.03–0.5 0.125 0.25 Doxycycline 0.06–1 0.5 1 Tetracycline 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.06 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.06 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.5 0.06 0.25 Vancomycin 8–>8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.03–0.5 0.06 0.125 Erythromycin 0.25–1 0.5 1 Neisseria weaverii(11) GAR-936 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Minocycline 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.125 0.125 0.125 Tetracycline 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Penicillin-G 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Vancomycin 4>8 8 >8 Azithromycin 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Erythromycin 0.125–0.5 0.5 0.5 P. canis(11) GAR-936 0.06–0.06 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.25 Tetracycline 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Penicillin-G 0.03–0.125 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin 0.25–0.5 0.5 0.5 Erythromycin 1–2 2 2 P. dagmatis (10) GAR-936 0.03–0.06 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Tetracycline 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.03 Penicillin-G 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Azithromycin 0.06–0.5 0.25 0.5 Erythromycin 0.25–2 1 2 P. multocida subsp. multocida (15) GAR-936 0.06–0.06 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Tetracycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 ≤0.015 0.06 Penicillin-G 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Azithromycin 0.06–1 0.5 0.5 Erythromycin 0.25–2 2 2 P. multocida subsp. septica(15) GAR-936 0.06–0.06 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.06–0.125 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Penicillin-G 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin 0.5–0.5 0.5 0.5 Erythromycin 1–2 2 2 P. stomatis (11) GAR-936 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Minocycline 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Tetracycline 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–≤0.015 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–≤0.015 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.06 0.06 0.125 Azithromycin 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Erythromycin 0.5–2 0.5 2 Bergeyella zoohelcum(10) GAR-936 0.06–0.25 0.25 0.25 Minocycline ≤0.015–0.125 0.125 0.125 Doxycycline ≤0.015–0.5 0.125 0.25 Tetracycline 0.25–1 0.5 1 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.06 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–2 0.06 0.25 Vancomycin 2–>8 4 8 Azithromycin 0.25–2 0.5 1 Erythromycin 0.06–1 0.25 0.5 Miscellaneous gram-negative bacteriac(13) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.25 Minocycline ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline ≤0.015–0.5 0.125 0.5 Tetracycline 0.03–0.25 0.125 0.25 Levofloxacin ≤0.015–0.25 ≤0.015 0.125 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–.125 ≤0.015 0.06 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–4 0.06 0.25 Vancomycin ≤0.015–>8 >8 >8 Azithromycin ≤0.015–1 0.25 1 Erythromycin ≤0.015–8 0.06 8 Corynebacterium aquaticum(11) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.06 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–0.125 0.03 0.06 Doxycycline 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–4 4 4 Levofloxacin 0.5–1 1 1 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.5 0.25 0.25 Penicillin-G 0.125–1 1 1 Vancomycin 0.125–2 2 2 Azithromycin 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.125 Erythromycin 0.03–0.125 0.03 0.06 Corynebacteriumspp.d(21) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.125 Minocycline ≤0.015–2 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline ≤0.015–4 0.125 0.25 Tetracycline 0.03–16 0.125 1 Levofloxacin 0.03–8 0.125 1 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–1 0.06 1 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–2 0.06 1 Vancomycin 0.25–8 0.25 0.5 Azithromycin ≤0.015–2 0.06 0.5 Erythromycin ≤0.015–0.25 0.03 0.125 Gram-positive non-spore-forming rodse(8) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.5 0.25 N/A Minocycline ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 N/A Doxycycline 0.03–0.25 0.125 N/A Tetracycline 0.03–4 0.125 N/A Levofloxacin ≤0.015–1 0.25 N/A Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.5 0.125 N/A Penicillin-G ≤0.015–1 ≤0.015 N/A Vancomycin ≤0.015–>8 0.25 N/A Azithromycin ≤0.015–4 0.125 N/A Erythromycin ≤0.015–1 0.06 N/A Enterococcus spp.f(18) GAR-936 0.03–0.25 0.06 0.125 Minocycline ≤0.015–16 0.06 16 Doxycycline 0.06–32 0.25 16 Tetracycline 0.125–>32 0.5 >32 Levofloxacin 0.25–1 1 1 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.5 0.25 0.25 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–2 0.25 2 Vancomycin 0.125–2 0.5 2 Azithromycin 0.06–>32 0.25 >32 Erythromycin ≤0.015–>128 0.06 >128 S. aureus(15) GAR-936 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Minocycline 0.03–0.06 0.06 0.06 Doxycycline 0.06–0.06 0.06 0.06 Tetracycline 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Levofloxacin 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.06 0.03 0.03 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–8 0.5 8 Vancomycin 0.5–0.5 0.5 0.5 Azithromycin 0.25–1 0.5 1 Erythromycin 0.125–1 0.25 0.25 Staphylococcus coagulase negativeg(18) GAR-936 0.06–2 0.06 0.25 Minocycline 0.03–1 0.06 1 Doxycycline 0.03–16 0.06 4 Tetracycline 0.06–>32 0.125 16 Levofloxacin 0.03–0.5 0.125 0.25 Moxifloxacin 0.03–0.25 0.06 0.06 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–2 0.06 2 Vancomycin 0.125–1 0.5 1 Azithromycin 0.5–>32 0.25 >32 Erythromycin 0.125–>128 0.125 >128 Streptococcus mitis(10) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.06 0.03 0.03 Minocycline 0.03–2 0.06 1 Doxycycline 0.06–2 0.125 2 Tetracycline 0.06–8 0.25 4 Levofloxacin 0.5–1 1 1 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.25 Vancomycin 0.25–0.5 0.25 0.5 Azithromycin 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Erythromycin 0.03–0.06 0.06 0.06 Streptococcus spp.h(23) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–16 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline 0.03–16 0.06 0.25 Tetracycline 0.06–32 0.5 1 Levofloxacin 0.5–2 0.5 1 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.5 0.125 0.5 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.125 Vancomycin 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Azithromycin ≤0.015–0.5 0.125 0.5 Erythromycin 0.125–0.125 0.03 0.125 B. tectum(11) GAR-936 0.06–0.5 0.125 0.125 Minocycline 0.03–4 0.06 0.06 Doxycycline 0.06–4 0.06 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–16 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin 0.125–1 0.25 0.25 Moxifloxacin 0.03–0.25 0.06 0.25 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–16 0.03 0.06 Vancomycin >8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.5–2 1 2 Erythromycin 0.125–4 0.5 0.5 F. nucleatum (14) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.06–0.25 0.06 0.25 Doxycycline 0.03–0.5 0.125 0.5 Tetracycline 0.25–1 0.5 1 Levofloxacin 1–>8 >8 >8 Moxifloxacin 0.25–>8 >8 >8 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.03 ≤0.015 0.03 Vancomycin >8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.5–4 2 4 Erythromycin 8–64 32 64 Fusobacterium spp.i(16) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.06 0.03 0.06 Minocycline ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.06 Doxycycline ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.125 Tetracycline ≤0.015–1 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin 0.25–>8 >8 >8 Moxifloxacin 0.06–8 4 8 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.5 0.03 0.03 Vancomycin 1–>8 >8 >8 Azithromycin ≤0.015–0.5 0.25 0.25 Erythromycin 0.125–4 4 4 P. heparinolytica (12) GAR-936 0.06–0.25 0.06 0.25 Minocycline 0.03–8 0.06 8 Doxycycline 0.06–4 0.06 4 Tetracycline 0.25–16 0.25 16 Levofloxacin 0.5–1 0.5 0.5 Moxifloxacin 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Penicillin-G 0.125–0.125 0.125 0.125 Vancomycin >8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.5–1 1 1 Erythromycin 0.25–0.5 0.25 0.5 Prevotella spp.j(19) GAR-936 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Minocycline 0.03–8 0.06 8 Doxycycline 0.06–8 0.125 8 Tetracycline 0.125–16 0.25 16 Levofloxacin 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.5 0.125 0.5 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–32 0.06 16 Vancomycin >8 >8 >8 Azithromycin 0.25–2 0.5 2 Erythromycin 0.125–1 0.5 1 P. macaccae (11) GAR-936 0.03–0.125 0.03 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–8 0.06 0.125 Doxycycline 0.06–8 0.125 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–8 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin 0.06–0.25 0.25 0.25 Moxifloxacin 0.03–0.125 0.06 0.125 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.5 0.5 0.5 Vancomycin 2–>8 8 >8 Azithromycin 0.25–1 0.5 0.5 Erythromycin 0.125–0.25 0.125 0.25 P. gingivalis(11) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.06 0.03 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–0.06 0.06 0.06 Doxycycline 0.06–0.125 0.06 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–0.25 0.25 0.25 Levofloxacin 0.125–1 0.125 0.25 Moxifloxacin ≤0.015–0.25 0.06 0.06 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–≤0.015 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 Vancomycin 1–4 4 4 Azithromycin 0.125–1 0.25 0.5 Erythromycin 0.06–0.125 0.125 0.125 Porphyromonas spp.k(19) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.125 0.06 0.06 Minocycline 0.03–4 0.06 0.06 Doxycycline 0.06–4 0.06 0.125 Tetracycline 0.125–8 0.25 0.5 Levofloxacin 0.125–2 1 2 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.25 0.125 0.25 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–4 ≤0.015 0.5 Vancomycin 2–>8 4 8 Azithromycin 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Erythromycin 0.03–0.25 0.125 0.25 Peptostreptococcusspp.l(21) GAR-936 ≤0.015–0.5 0.06 0.125 Minocycline 0.03–8 0.125 8 Doxycycline 0.06–16 0.125 4 Tetracycline 0.125–32 0.5 16 Levofloxacin 0.125–>8 0.5 2 Moxifloxacin 0.06–0.5 0.25 0.5 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–1 0.125 0.25 Vancomycin 0.125–0.5 0.25 0.5 Azithromycin 0.25–>32 0.5 >32 Erythromycin 0.06–>128 0.25 >128 Gram-positive non-spore-forming rodsm(20) GAR-936 0.06–.5 0.06 0.5 Minocycline 0.06–1 0.125 0.25 Doxycycline 0.06–1 0.25 0.5 Tetracycline 0.5–4 1 2 Levofloxacin 0.125–1 0.25 0.5 Moxifloxacin 0.06–1 0.25 0.5 Penicillin-G ≤0.015–0.5 0.03 0.25 Vancomycin 0.25–1 0.5 1 Azithromycin 0.03–>32 0.06 0.25 Erythromycin 0.03–>128 0.06 0.25 ↵a 50% and 90%, MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates tested, respectively, are inhibited; NA, not applicable.
↵b M. atlantae (1), M. catarrhalis(5), M. lacunata (1), M. nonliquefaciens (2),M. osloensis (1), and Moraxella spp., no good fit (3).
↵c Bordetella bronchiseptica (2);Capnocytophaga sp. (1); CDC NO-1 (2); Haemophilus aphrophilus (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1);Neisseria cinera or N. flavescens (1),Neisseria elongata (1), Neisseria species (2);Riemerella anatipestifer (2).
↵d C. accolens (1); C. argentoratense(1); Corynebacterium Grp. F1(1), Grp. G (1), and Grp. G2 (1); C. jeikeium (1); C. minutissimum (8);C. propinquum (1); C. ulcerans (1);Corynebacterium spp., no good fit (5).
↵e Brevibacterium spp. (4); Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (2), and Rothia dentocariosa (2).
↵f E. avium (2), E. durans (6),E. faecalis (7), E. malodoratus (2),Enterococcus sp. (1).
↵g S. capitus (1), S. cohnii (2),S. epidermidis (4), S. hominis (1), S. hyicus (1), S. intermedius (4), S. sciuri orS. lentus (2), S. warnerii (2), and S. xylosus (1).
↵h S. constellatus (2), S. dysgalactiae (1), S. intermedius (3), S. mutans (11), S. pyogenes (3), S. sanguis II(2), alpha Streptococcus sp., no good fit (1).
↵i F. necrophorum (1) and F. russii(9).
↵j P. bivia (3), P. buccae (2),P. denticola (1), P. enoeca (1), P. intermedia (1), P. intermedia or P. nigrescens (1), P. loeschii (1), P. melaninogenica (2), P. zoogleoformans (2), andPrevotella spp., no good fit (5).
↵k P. cangingivalis (4), P. canoris(7), P. cansulci (3), P. circumdentaria (2),P. circumdentaria or P. cansulci (2), andP. levii (1).
↵l P. anaerobius (7), P. asaccharolyticus (2), P. ivorii (1), P. magnus (3), P. micros (3), P. prevotii (3),P. tetradius (1), and Peptostreptococcus sp., no good fit (1).
↵m Actinomyces israelii (1), A. naeslundii (1), A. neuii (1), A. pyogenes(1), A. viscosus (2); Eubacterium spp. (3);Propionibacterium acnes (8), P. avidum (1),P. freudenreichii (1), and P. lympholyticum (1).
