Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Schematic presentation of PFGE patterns of XbaI-digested genomic DNA of blaVIM-2-positive isolates of P. aeruginosa. M in lane 1 is a size marker (a chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The numbers of isolates with serotypes O:11, O:12, and OPA are shown under each PFGE profile, and total numbers are in parentheses. OPA, O polyagglutination; NT, serotype not tested.
- FIG. 2.
Schematic structure (not to scale) of integrons in isolates of P. aeruginosa YMC 95/1/704 and P. putida YMC 97/8/322, which had approximate sizes of 5.6 and 3 kb, respectively. The ORFs are boxed. The names of unknown orfs “i,” “ii,” and “iii” are arbitrary. Arrows indicate their transcriptional orientation. orf “ii” had a reversed orientation. Primers used for sequencing are shown under the integron structures (see text for primer sequences).
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Trend of isolation of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. and detection of blaVIM-2-positive isolates
Yr P. aeruginosa P. putida No. of isolates (% imipenem resistance) No. of blaVIM-2 isolates No. of isolates (% imipenem resistance) No. of blaVIM-2 isolates Tested Positive (%) Tested Positive (%) 1994 1,939 (4) 1 0 (0) 38 (8) 0 NAa 1995 966 (3) 20 5 (25.0) 6 (0) 0 NA 1996 2,189 (6) 8 0 (0) 37 (16) 0 NA 1997 2,078 (16) 130 15 (11.5) 17 (6) 1 1 (100) 1998 2,934 (15) 147 12 (8.2) 35 (29) 5 5 (100) 1999 3,129 (15) 187 11 (5.9) 35 (17) 3 3 (100) Total 13,235 (11) 493 43 (8.7) 168 (15) 9 9 (100) ↵ a NA, not applicable.
- TABLE 2.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of blaVIM-2-positive clinical isolates and their transconjugants
Antimicrobial agenta P. aeruginosa P. putida CIb (n = 43) TCb (n = 6) CI (n = 9) TC (n = 2) MIC rangec MIC50c MIC90c MIC range MIC range MIC range Imipenem 8->128 16 128 16-32 16-128 16-32 Meropenem 8->128 16 128 8-32 32-128 8-16 Piperacillin 64->256 256 >256 8-128 64->256 256 Piperacillin-tazobactamd 32->128 128 >128 8-128 32->256 128 Cefotaxime >128 >128 >128 64->128 >128 >128 Cefotaxime-clavulanic acidd >128 >128 >128 32->128 >128 >128 Ceftazidime 32->128 128 >128 8-64 32->128 128 Aztreonam 4-64 16 32 2-4 16-32 4 Amikacin 2->128 >128 16 4 16->128 4 Gentamicin 8->128 >128 128 64 32->128 64 Kanamycin 64->128 >128 >128 >128 16->128 >128 Streptomycin 128->128 >128 >128 >128 >128 128 Tobramycin 2->128 >128 32 16-32 16->128 32 Ciprofloxacin 0.12->128 32 16 0.12-0.25 16 0.12 ↵ a MICs of ampicillin, cephalothin, and cefoxitin for all of the strains were >128 μg/ml.
↵ b Abbreviations: CI, clinical isolates; TC, transconjugants.
↵ c Values are in micrograms per milliliter; MIC50 and MIC90, MICs for 50 and 90% of strains, respectively.
↵ d Piperacillin-tazobactam: tazobactam at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/ml; cefotaxime- clavulanic acid: a 2:1 combination.
