Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Growth kinetics and susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones of T. whipplei Endo2. Bacterial loads were determined by enumeration of the bacterial DNA copies by quantitative PCR. Comparable results were found for the T. whipplei Twist and Slow2 strains. ⧫, growth control; •, ciprofloxacin at 1 μg/ml; ∗, ciprofloxacin at 4 μg/ml; ▴, ciprofloxacin at 8 μg/ml.
- FIG. 2.
Phylogenetic tree of GyrA and ParC sequences from T. whipplei and various representative species of the domain Bacteria. Protein sequences were aligned by using the ClustalW program from the Pôle BioInformatique Lyonnais (Lyon, France). The tree was constructed with MEGA software (version 2.1) by the neighbor-joining methodology (amino acid p-distance, including site, complete deletion, and bootstrap testing).
- FIG. 3.
T. whipplei GyrA and ParC QRDR alignment with homologous sequences from E. coli K-12 (16127994), M. tuberculosis (13879047), M. leprae (1041443), M. avium (1041431), M. intracellulare (2815375), M. smegmatis (1346234), and M. fortuitum (2815371).
Tables
- TABLE 1.
T. whipplei strain and patient characteristics
Patients sex/age (yr) Strain (genotype)a Symptoms Biopsy sample Antibiotic(s) taken before sampling Male/42 Twist (2A) Endocarditis Cardiac valve Gentamicin + ampicillin for 4 wk, ciprofloxacin several for 4 weeks Female/74 Slow2 (1A) Diarrhea, arthralgia Duodenum None Male/63 Endo2 (1A) Endocarditis Cardiac valve Gentamicin + amoxicillin for 3 wk Male/70 Unc (ND) Fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, encephalitis Duodenum None Male/63 Unc (1A) Diarrhea, weight loss Duodenum None Male/69 Unc (1A) Diarrhea, arthralgia Duodenum None Female/33 Unc (1A) Fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy Duodenum Co-trimoxazole for 1 year Male/47 Unc (1A) Fever, diarrhea, weight loss Duodenum Co-trimoxazole for 1 year Male/60 Unc (2A) Diarrhea, arthralgia Duodenum None Female/69 Unc (ND) Arthralgia, pulmonary embolism Duodenum None Male/58 Unc (2A) Diarrhea, arthralgia Duodenum None Male/64 Unc (2A) Endocarditis Cardiac valve None ↵ a ND, not determined; Unc, uncultured.
- TABLE 2.
Oligonucleotide primers used for PCR amplification and sequencing
Gene Primers Nucleotide sequence its TwITSF 5′-CCGAGGCTTATCGCAGATTG-3′ TwITSR 5′-GGTGACTTAACCTTTTTGGAG-3′ gyrA QRDR gyrAF1 5′-GATGGCTTAAAGCCCGTACA-3′ gyrAR1 5′-CGACGGCTATTCCGC-3′ parC QRDR parCF1 5′-GATGGCTTAAAGCCCGTACA-3′ parCR1 5′-CGACGGCTATTCCGC-3′ gyrA QRDR GyrAF2 5′-CGGGCATTGCCAGACGC-3′ GyrAR2 5′-CGGGGGTATACTGGTTGCC-3′ parC QRDR ParCF2 5′-CGGGCATTGCCAGACGC-3′ parCR2 5′-CGGGGGTATACTGGTTGCC-3′
