Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Plasmid DNAs from clinical isolate E. coli Lo and E. coli transconjugant strains (A) and Southern hybridization of plasmid DNAs with the qnr-specific probe (B) and the blaVEB-1-specific probe (C). Lanes: 1, E. coli Lo; 2, E. coli J53/pQR1; 3, E. coli J53/pMG252 (used as a positive control); M, E. coli NCTC50192 (used as a negative control and a reference for plasmid sizes).
- FIG. 2.
Comparison of sul1-type integrons that contain a qnr gene (A) and the blaVEB-1-positive class 1 integron In53 (B). Shaded boxes in In53 indicate gene cassettes possessing their own promoter sequences.
- FIG. 3.
Nucleotide sequence of the promoter structure for qnr expression, as determined by the 5′ RACE experiment. The deduced amino acid sequence of Qnr is designated in single-letter code below the nucleotide sequence. The transcription orientation of the qnr gene is indicated by a horizontal arrow. The right-hand boundary of CR1 is shaded in gray. The −35 and −10 promoter sequences are boxed, as is the +1 transcription initiation site; all of these are part of the CR1 element. The vertical arrow indicates the position of the extremity of the CR1 right-hand boundary of In36 (24), in which the 67-bp sequence with a dotted underlined is lacking.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Primers used in this study
Primer Sequence Source or reference ORF513D3 5′-CTCACGCCCTGGCAAGGTTT-3′ This study ORF513D5 5′-CTTTTGCCCTAGCTGCGGT-3′ This study CMLA-B 5′-TGGGATTTGATGTACTTTCCG-3′ 13 CMLA-F 5′-CAAAAACTTTAGTTGGCGGTAC-3′ 13 aadB-B 5′-CGCATATCGCGACCTGAAAGC-3′ 13 aadB-F 5′-GATACACAAAATTCTAGCTGCG-3′ 13 arr-2F 5′-AATTACAAGCAGGTGCAAGGA-3′ 13 arr-2B 5′-TTCAATGACGTGTAAACCACG-3′ 13 5′CS 5′-GGCATCCAAGCAGCAAG-3′ 13 3′CS 5′-AAGCAGACTTGACCTGA-3′ 13 VEB-1A 5′-CGACTTCCATTTCCCGAT GC-3′ 13 VEB-1B 5′-GGACTCTGCAACAAATACGC-3′ 13 VEB-INV3 5′-GAACAGAATCAGTTCCTCCG-3′ This study VEB-INV4 5′-ACGAAGAACAAATGCACAAGG-3′ This study OXA-10CASB 5′-CTTTGTTTT AGCCACCAATGATG-3′ 13 OXA-10CASF 5′-TTAGGCCTCGCCGAAGCG-3′ 13 OrfG-B 5′-GTCATTTTGAACTGCATTACC-3′ This study IS26A 5′-CTTACCAGGCGCATTTCGCC-3′ This study AAC1-F 5′-GTGAATTATTGCGGAATGCAGC 12 Sul1A 5′-CTT CGATGAGAGCCGGCGGC-3′ This study Sul1B 5′-GCAAGGCGGAAACCCGCGCC-3′ This study QnrA 5′-GGGTATGGATATTATTGATAAAG-3′ 24 QnrB 5′-CTAATCCGGCAGCACTATTA-3′ 24 GyrA6 5′-CGACCTTGCGAGAGAAAT-3′ 8 gyrA631R 5′-GTTCCATCAGCCCTTCAA-3′ 8 ParCF43 5′-AGCGCCTTGCGTACATGAAT-3′ 7 ParCF981 5′-GTGGTAGCGAAGAGGTGGTT-3′ 7 PreTEM-1 5′-GTATCCGCTCATGAGACAATA-3′ 7 PreTEM-2 5′-TCTAAAGTATATATGAGTAAACTTGGT 7 SHV-F 5′-ATGCGTTATWTTCGCCTGTGT-3′ 4 SHV-B 5′-TTAGCGTTGCCAGTGCTCG-3′ 4 GES1A 5′-ATGCGCTTCATTCACGCAC-3′ 4 GES1B 5′-CTATTTGTCCGTGCTCAGG-3′ 4 PER-A 5′-ATGAATGTCATTATAAAAGC-3′ 4 PER-D 5′-AATTTGGGCTTAGGGCAGAA-3′ 4 GSP1 5′-AAGTACATCTTATGGCTGACT-3′ This study GSP2 5′-ATGAAACTGCAATCCTCGAAACTG-3′ This study GSP3 5′-TGGCTGAAGTCACACTGATAAAAG-3′ This study - TABLE 2.
MICs of antibiotics for E. coli Lo, transconjugant E. coli J53/pQR1, and E. coli J53 Az
Antibiotic(s) MIC (μg/ml) E. coli Loa E. coli J53/pQR1 E. coli J53 Nalidixic acid >256 32 4 Ofloxacin 4 1 0.12 Ciprofloxacin 1 0.25 0.01 Moxifloxacin 2 0.5 0.03 Sparfloxacin 4 1 0.01 Rifampin >256 32 8 Chloramphenicol 32 32 4 Gentamicin 16 8 0.12 Tobramycin 128 64 0.12 Streptomycin >256 >256 2 Amikacin 16 8 0.25 Sulfamethoxazole >512 >512 0.12 Trimethoprim >512 >512 0.12 Tetracycline >64 1 1 Amoxicillin >512 >512 4 Amoxicillin-CLAb 128 32 4 Ticarcillin >512 >512 4 Ticarcillin-CLA 256 4 4 Piperacillin 128 16 2 Piperacillin-TZBc 4 2 1 Cephalothin 128 128 8 Cefoxitin 4 2 2 Cefotaxime 4 4 0.06 Ceftazidime 256 256 0.06 Ceftazidime + CLA 0.25 0.25 0.06 Aztreonam 32 32 0.06 Cefepime 1 1 0.01 Imipenem 0.25 0.25 0.06
