Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1.
In vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against all fungi, molds, and yeasts tested
Antifungal agent In vitro activity againsta: All fungi All molds All yeasts n MIC (μg/ml) n MIC (μg/ml) n MIC (μg/ml) 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% POS 22,850 0.063 1.0 4,499 0.125 1.0 18,351 0.063 1.0 ITC 18,877 0.125 1.0 3,204 0.5 4.0 15,673 0.125 1.0 FLC 17,884 0.5 128.0 1,779 256.0 256.0 16,105 0.5 16.0 VRC 9,598 0.031 0.5 1,826 0.25 2.0 7,772 0.031 0.5 AMB 16,567 1.0 1.0 3,013 1.0 2.0 13,554 1.0 1.0 ↵ a n is the number of MICs determined. 50% and 90%, MIC50 and MIC90, respectively.
- TABLE 2.
Comparative in vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against mold isolates
Organism No. of MICs MIC (μg/ml)a POS ITC VRC AMB 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% All molds 1,702 0.25 1.0 0.5 2.0 0.25 2.0 0.5 2.0 All hyaline moldsb 1,636 0.25 1.0 0.5c 2.0c 0.25 1.0 0.5 2.0 All Aspergillus spp. 1,423 0.125 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.25 0.5 0.5 1.0 A. flavus 89 0.25 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 A. fumigatus 1,119 0.125 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.25 0.5 0.5 1.0 A. niger 101 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 2.0 0.125 1.0 A. terreus 22 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 2.0 2.0 Other Aspergillus spp.d 92 0.125 1.0 0.5 2.0 0.25 1.0 1.0 2.0 All zygomycetes 86 0.5 4.0 1.0 32.0 16.0 128.0 0.25 2.0 Rhizopus spp. 32 1.0 8.0 4.0 32.0 16.0 128.0 1.0 2.0 Mucor spp. 18 1.0 16.0 2.0 32.0 64.0 128.0 0.25 1.0 Absidia spp. 16 0.125 0.25 0.125 0.5 16.0 128.0 0.25 0.5 Cunninghamella spp. 6 0.031-1.0 0.031-1.0 0.125-2.0 0.125-2.0 8.0-128.0 8.0-128.0 0.125-2.0 0.125-2.0 Apophysomyces spp. 5 0.031-4.0 0.031-4.0 0.031-8.0 0.031-8.0 16.0-128.0 16.0-128.0 0.031-4.0 0.031-4.0 Saksenaea spp. 4 0.016-2.0 0.016-2.0 0.016-0.125 0.016-0.125 0.5-4.0 0.5-4.0 0.063-0.5 0.063-0.5 Rhizomucor spp. 3 0.016-0.25 0.016-0.25 0.016-0.25 0.016-0.25 2.0-16.0 2.0-16.0 0.063-0.125 0.063-0.125 Cokeromyces spp. 2 0.25-4.0 0.25-4.0 0.25-8.0 0.25-8.0 16.0-64.0 16.0-64.0 0.125-0.5 0.125-0.5 All dimorphic fungi 151 0.063 0.25 0.031 0.25 ND ND 0.25 0.5 Histoplasma spp. 53 0.019 0.25 0.019 0.063 ND ND 0.25 0.5 Blastomyces spp. 38 0.063 0.125 0.031 2.0 ND ND 0.125 0.5 Coccidioides spp. 25 0.125 0.25 0.125 0.25 ND ND 0.5 0.5 Paracoccidioides spp. 13 0.063 0.125 0.016 0.063 ND ND 0.125 0.25 Penicillium marneffei 12 0.016 0.016 0.008 0.063 ND ND 0.5 4.0 Sporothrix spp. 10 0.5 1.0 0.25 0.5 ND ND 0.5 1.0 All Fusarium spp. 67 16.0 32.0 16.0e 32.0e 16.0 32.0 8.0 32.0 F. solani 39 32.0 32.0 ND ND 16.0 32.0 16.0 32.0 F. oxysporum 12 2.0 4.0 ND ND 4.0 32.0 8.0 16.0 F. moniliforme 2 1.0 1.0 ND ND 1.0 1.0 1.0-4.0 1.0-4.0 Other Fusarium spp.f 14 16.0 16.0 ND ND 4.0 16.0 1.0 2.0 Agents of chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis 241 0.25 16.0 1.0 64.0 ND ND 2.0 32.0 Scedosporium prolificans 80 16.0 32.0 64.0 64.0 ND ND 16.0 32.0 Scedosporium apiospermum 26 0.25 1.0 1.0 32.0 ND ND 2.0 8.0 Pseudallescheria spp. 41 0.25 1.0 0.5 1.0 ND ND 2.0 4.0 Aspergillus nidulans 20 0.063 0.25 0.25 0.5 ND ND 1.0 2.0 Exophiala spp. 14 0.25 0.5 0.5 1.0 ND ND 0.5 1.0 Alternaria spp. 13 0.125 0.25 0.5 1.0 ND ND 0.5 4.0 Cladosporium spp. 11 0.063 16.0 0.125 16.0 ND ND 1.0 4.0 Bipolaris spp. 10 0.063 0.125 0.063 0.25 ND ND 0.25 0.25 Otherg 26 0.125 0.25 0.25 1.0 ND ND 0.5 1.0 Other moldsh 58 0.25 0.5 0.063 1.0 0.25 0.5 0.25 2.0 ↵ a 50% and 90%, MIC50 and MIC90, respectively. When n is <10, the MICs shown are ranges. ND, not determined.
↵ b Includes Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. (MIC data for which are shown below), and other various species, including strains of Acremonium, Basidiomycetes, Bjerkandera, Coprinus, Paecilomyces, Pseudallescheria, and Schizophyllum.
↵ c Fewer isolates (n = 1,501) were tested against ITC; therefore, the values for ITC cannot be compared directly.
↵ d Includes strains of A. glaucus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Aspergillus spp., A. sydowii, A. ustus, and A. versicolor.
↵ e Fewer isolates (n = 23) were tested against ITC; therefore, the values for ITC cannot be compared directly.
↵ f Unspeciated Fusarium.
↵ g Includes strains of Cladophialophora, Curvularia, Exserohilum, Fonsecaea, Pithomyces, Ramichloridium, Ulocladium, and Wangiella.
↵ h Includes strains of Acremonium, Basidiomycetes, Bjerkandera, Coprinus, Paecilomyces, Pseudallescheria, Schizophyllum, and Trichophyton.
- TABLE 3.
Comparative in vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole against isolates of dermatophytes
Organism No. of MICs MIC (μg/ml)a POS ITC FLC 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% All dermatophytes 180 0.031 0.25 0.063 0.25 4.0 64.0 Trichophyton rubrum 91 0.063 0.125 0.063 0.25 2.0 32.0 T. mentagrophytes 29 0.016 0.125 0.031 0.25 8.0 64.0 T. tonsurans 23 0.031 0.25 0.031 0.063 4.0 32.0 Other Trichophyton spp.b 5 0.063-0.5 0.063-0.5 0.031-4.0 0.031-4.0 1.0-128.0 1.0-128.0 Microsporum spp.c 16 0.016 0.125 0.016 0.5 2.0 128.0 Epidermophyton floccosum 15 0.016 0.25 0.016 0.25 2.0 2.0 Arthroderma benhamiae 1 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 1.0 1.0 - TABLE 4.
Comparative in vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp.
Organism No. of MICs MIC (μg/ml)a POS ITC FLC VRC AMB 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% All Candida spp. 6,965 0.063 1.0 0.125 1.0 0.5 16.0 0.031 0.5 1.0b 1.0b C. albicans 3,535 0.031 0.063 0.063 0.25 0.25 2.0 0.008 0.063 1.0b 1.0b C. glabrata 1,218 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 8.0 64.0 0.25 2.0 1.0b 1.0b C. parapsilosis 970 0.063 0.25 0.25 0.5 1.0 4.0 0.031 0.125 1.0 1.0 C. tropicalis 719 0.063 0.25 0.125 0.5 1.0 4.0 0.063 0.5 1.0 1.0 C. krusei 189 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 32.0 64.0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 C. lusitaniae 84 0.063 0.25 0.25 2.0 1.0 4.0 0.031 0.063 1.0 2.0 C. guilliermondii 26 0.25 1.0 0.5 4.0 4.0 32.0 0.063 8.0 0.5 1.0 C. dubliniensis 164 0.031 0.125 0.063 0.5 0.25 32.0 0.016 0.125 0.5 1.0 Other Candida spp.c 60 0.25 2.0 0.5 1.0 4.0 16.0 0.063 0.25 1.0 1.0 Cryptococcus spp.d 271 0.125 0.25 0.125 0.5 4.0 8.0 0.063 0.125 1.0 1.0 ↵ a 50% and 90%, MIC50 and MIC90, respectively.
↵ b The number of strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata tested against AMB was slightly less (for all Candida spp., n = 6,921; for C. albicans, n = 3,517; and for C. glabrata, n = 1,192).
↵ c Includes strains of C. famata, C. kefyr, C. lipolytica, C. pelliculosa, C. pseudotropicalis, C. rugosa, C. sphaerica, C. stellatoidea, and C. zeylanoides.
↵ d Includes strains of C. laurentii and C. neoformans.
- TABLE 5.
Comparative in vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole, against isolates of Candida spp. exhibiting resistance to itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole
Isolates (resistance level) No. of MICsa MIC (μg/ml)b POS ITC FLC VRC 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% FLC resistant (MIC, >32 μg/ml) All Candida 446 1.0 16.0 2.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 2.0 32.0 C. albicans 167 0.5 16.0 2.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 2.0 32.0 C. glabrata 149 2.0 16.0 4.0 16.0 256.0 256.0 4.0 8.0 Other Candida spp. 130 0.5 4.0 1.0 32.0 128.0 128.0 0.5 32.0 ITC resistant (MIC, >0.5 μg/ml) All Candida 1,151 1.0 4.0 1.0 16.0 16.0 128.0 0.5 4.0 C. albicans 176 1.0 16.0 4.0 32.0 64.0 256.0 2.0 32.0 C. glabrata 719 1.0 4.0 1.0 8.0 16.0 128.0 0.5 4.0 Other Candida spp. 256 0.5 2.0 1.0 8.0 32.0 128.0 0.5 16.0 VRC resistant (MIC, >2 μg/ml) All Candida 234 4.0 16.0 8.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 8.0 32.0 C. albicans 101 2.0 16.0 8.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 8.0 32.0 C. glabrata 88 4.0 16.0 16.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 4.0 16.0 Other Candida spp. 45 2.0 32.0 2.0 32.0 128.0 128.0 32.0 32.0 With POS MIC of >2 μg/ml All Candida 176 8.0 32.0 16.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 4.0 32.0 C. albicans 62 8.0 32.0 16.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 16.0 64.0 C. glabrata 86 8.0 16.0 16.0 32.0 128.0 256.0 4.0 8.0 Other Candida spp. 28 16.0 32.0 8.0 32.0 128.0 128.0 32.0 32.0