Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Plasma florfenicol concentrations after administration of an intravenous (a) or oral (b) bolus of 30 mg of florfenicol/kg to pigeons as determined by the naïve pooling approach. The equations of the curves are given in the text.
- FIG. 2.
Plasma florfenicol concentrations after administration of an intravenous (a) or oral (b) bolus of 30 mg of florfenicol/kg to pigeons as determined using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The equations of the curves are given in the text.
- FIG. 3.
Average concentrations (conc.) ± standard deviations of florfenicol in pigeon plasma after continuous administration in drinking water at 0.5 mg/ml.
- FIG. 4.
Numbers of viable intracellular Salmonella bacteria recovered 16 h after the inoculation of pigeon macrophages with Salmonella at a multiplicity of infection of 10 and the subsequent addition of different concentrations of florfenicol to the cell culture medium. Data are presented as the mean differences (Δ) between the log10 numbers of CFU of intracellular bacteria per milliliter in cultures with the given concentrations of florfenicol and the log10 numbers of CFU of intracellular bacteria per milliliter in cultures not exposed to florfenicol. Bars indicate standard errors of the means.
- FIG. 5.
In vitro killing curves for Salmonella serovar Typhimurium strain DAB69.
- FIG. 6.
Daily scores of fecal consistency after experimental infection of pigeons with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. Circles and triangles represent the average daily scores for untreated and florfenicol-treated pigeons, respectively.
- FIG. 7.
Fecal shedding of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium after experimental infection of pigeons. Circles and triangles represent the average daily shedding by untreated and florfenicol-treated pigeons, respectively, expressed as the arithmetic means of the log10 numbers of CFU ± the standard deviations.
- FIG. 8.
Results of the bacteriological examination of tissues from pigeons inoculated with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. Panel a shows the fraction of Salmonella-positive tissues from untreated (black bars) and florfenicol-treated (white bars) pigeons. In panel b, the average Salmonella loads ± the standard deviations in the tissues of treated (white bars) and untreated (black bars) pigeons are presented.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Pharamacokinetic parameters of florfenicol obtained by the naïve pooling approach after intravenous or oral administration of a single bolus of 30 mg/kga
Parameter Median value after: Intravenous administration Oral administration CL (liters kg−1 h−1) 1.41 V ss (liters kg−1) 2.02 Mean residence time (h) 1.43 t 1/2 β (h) 1.73 2.69 AUC (mg · h liter−1) 21.30 12.47 F (%) 58.54 k a 1.25 $$mathtex$$\(t_{1/2k}_{a}\)$$mathtex$$ (h) 0.56 T max (h) 0.69 C max (mg liter−1) 5.10 ↵ a Abbreviations: Vss, volume of distribution at steady state; t1/2β, half-life at β phase; $$mathtex$$\(t_{1/2k}_{a}\)$$mathtex$$, absorption half-life; Tmax, time to reach the maximum concentration; Cmax, maximum concentration in plasma.
- TABLE 2.
Pharamacokinetic parameters of florfenicol obtained from nonlinear mixed-effects modeling after intravenous or oral administration of a single bolus of 30 mg/kg
Parameter Median value (% variation) after: Intravenous administration Oral administration CL (liters kg−1 h−1) 1.32 (29) CLD (liters kg−1 h−1) 2.97 (29) V 1 (liters kg−1) 0.88 V 2 (liters kg−1) 0.56 (88) AUC (mg · h liter−1) 22.72 (29) 13.09 (49) F (%) 60.0 (46) k a (h−1) 0.775 (33)
