Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Mean log10 reduction of the skin flora on different skin sites by various alcohols after different application times
Skin site Type of alcohola Concn (%) Mean ± SD log10 reduction and P value at indicated time (min)a 2 P value 3 P value 4 P value Forehead prop-1 60 1.54A/AA ± 0.94 <0.001 1.93B/BB ± 0.73 <0.001 1.74C ± 1.26 0.044 prop-2 0.67AA ± 0.65 0.78BB ± 0.79 1.05 ± 0.88 eth 0.40A ± 0.54 0.79B ± 0.60 0.83C ± 1.31 Upper back prop-1 1.90D ± 0.69 0.020 2.08 ± 0.75 0.292 2.16 ± 0.97 0.596 prop-2 1.38 ± 0.95 1.72 ± 0.92 1.87 ± 0.97 eth 1.09D ± 1.02 1.69 ± 0.95 2.08 ± 0.80 Abdomen prop-1 2.25 ± 0.59 0.434 2.63E ± 0.74 0.003 2.56 ± 0.77 0.182 prop-2 2.16 ± 0.77 2.13 ± 1.07 2.14 ± 0.94 eth 1.94 ± 0.97 1.67E ± 0.65 2.10 ± 0.86 Lumbar area prop-1 1.93 ± 0.60 0.754 1.81 ± 0.55 0.631 1.82 ± 0.78 0.595 prop-2 1.79 ± 0.59 1.84 ± 0.57 1.97 ± 0.80 eth 1.87 ± 0.61 1.67 ± 0.60 1.72 ± 0.77 Forehead prop-1 70 1.73F ± 0.92 0.024 1.90G/GG ± 0.81 0.001 1.89H ± 0.91 0.026 prop-2 1.21 ± 0.65 1.26GG ± 0.54 1.18H ± 0.84 eth 0.98F ± 0.71 1.08G ± 0.64 1.23 ± 0.98 Upper back prop-1 1.81 ± 0.64 0.623 1.97 ± 1.36 0.806 2.53J/JJ ± 0.91 0.002 prop-2 1.69 ± 0.80 1.81 ± 0.99 1.67JJ ± 0.83 eth 1.56 ± 1.00 1.74 ± 1.05 1.49J ± 1.07 Abdomen prop-1 2.40 ± 0.64 0.245 2.69 ± 0.89 0.235 2.73K/KK ± 0.81 0.002 prop-2 2.43 ± 0.72 2.23 ± 0.95 1.69KK ± 1.11 eth 2.07 ± 0.83 2.55 ± 0.77 2.02K ± 0.80 Lumbar area prop-1 2.18 ± 0.51 0.364 2.10 ± 0.65 0.628 2.00 ± 0.86 0.731 prop-2 2.12 ± 0.53 1.91 ± 0.60 1.90 ± 1.12 eth 1.94 ± 0.58 1.93 ± 0.74 1.76 ± 1.01 Forehead prop-1 89.5 1.82 ± 1.24 0.132 2.09 ± 1.33 0.403 2.38L ± 1.17 0.002 prop-2 1.44 ± 1.03 1.70 ± 0.93 1.88 ± 0.88 eth 1.17 ± 0.71 1.60 ± 0.94 1.34L ± 0.52 Upper back prop-1 2.25M ± 0.75 0.006 2.13 ± 0.53 0.445 2.59 ± 0.90 0.068 prop-2 1.89 ± 0.91 2.00 ± 0.59 1.91 ± 1.07 eth 1.40M ± 0.74 2.27 ± 0.85 2.02 ± 0.93 Abdomen prop-1 2.54 ± 0.71 0.888 2.53 ± 0.97 0.722 2.70 ± 0.97 0.070 prop-2 2.43 ± 0.71 2.51 ± 0.85 2.29 ± 0.90 eth 2.50 ± 0.78 2.32 ± 0.98 1.99 ± 1.02 Lumbar area prop-1 2.14 ± 0.55 0.679 2.05 ± 0.69 0.793 2.36 ± 0.59 0.302 prop-2 2.03 ± 0.52 2.15 ± 0.54 2.26 ± 0.61 eth 1.98 ± 0.68 2.01 ± 0.77 2.06 ± 0.65 ↵ a prop-1, n-propanol; prop-2, isopropanol; eth, ethanol.
b Different superscript uppercase characters (A to M) represent significant differences in post hoc analysis results between the different types of alcohol. Single and double superscript uppercase characters are used whenever a significant difference was found between two pairs of means. Each mean value represents data from 20 different subjects.
- TABLE 2.
Ranking of parameters with influence on the reduction of skin flora on different skin sites (n = 180)
Skin site Parameter ranking (highest influence to lowest influence) Forehead Type of alcohol (P < 0.001) > concn (P < 0.001) > application time (P = 0.006) Upper back Type of alcohol (P < 0.001) > application time (P < 0.001) > concn (P = 0.006) Abdomen Type of alcohol (P < 0.001) > concn (P = 0.024) > application time (n.s.a) Lumbar area Concn (P < 0.001) > type of alcohol (n.s.)/application time (n.s.) ↵ a n.s., not significant.
- TABLE 3.
Mean log10 reduction and suppression of recolonization of skin flora after 72 h of coverage (n = 20)
Skin site Mean log10 baseline count (CFU/cm2) Application time Immediate log10 reduction of n-propanol (89.5%) Suppression of recolonization (expressed as log10 difference from baseline count after 72 h of sterile coverage) in n-propanol solution (89.5% [vol/vol]) supplemented witha: No supplementation 0.5% CHG 1% CHG 2% CHG Upper arms 2.36 ± 0.77 30 s 2.06 ± 0.59 0.41Δ/*/** ± 1.34 1.33Δ ± 1.29 1.16* ± 1.23 1.24** ± 0.96 Upper back 2.94 ± 0.94 3 min 2.14 ± 0.85 0.28▴/° ± 1.46 1.07▴ ± 1.81 1.42 ± 1.43 1.30° ± 1.56 ↵ a Different superscript characters represent significant differences of means for each skin site in post hoc analysis results.
