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Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects

In Vivo and In Vitro Patterns of the Activity of Simocyclinone D8, an Angucyclinone Antibiotic from Streptomyces antibioticus

Lisa M. Oppegard, Bree L. Hamann, Kathryn R. Streck, Keith C. Ellis, Hans-Peter Fiedler, Arkady B. Khodursky, Hiroshi Hiasa
Lisa M. Oppegard
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Bree L. Hamann
2Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Kathryn R. Streck
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Keith C. Ellis
3Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutic Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
4Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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Hans-Peter Fiedler
5Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Arkady B. Khodursky
2Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Hiroshi Hiasa
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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  • For correspondence: hiasa001@umn.edu
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01440-08
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ABSTRACT

Simocyclinone D8 (SD8) exhibits antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria. The molecular basis of the cytotoxicity of SD8 is not fully understood, although SD8 has been shown to inhibit the supercoiling activity of Escherichia coli gyrase. To understand the mechanism of SD8, we have employed biochemical assays to directly measure the sensitivities of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus type II topoisomerases to SD8 and microarray analysis to monitor the cellular responses to SD8 treatment. SD8 is a potent inhibitor of either E. coli or S. aureus gyrase. In contrast, SD8 exhibits only a moderate inhibitory effect on S. aureus topoisomerase IV, and E. coli topoisomerase IV is virtually insensitive to SD8. The antimicrobial effect of SD8 against E. coli has become evident in the absence of the AcrB multidrug efflux pump. As expected, SD8 treatment exhibits the signature responses to the loss of supercoiling activity in E. coli: upregulation of gyrase genes and downregulation of the topoisomerase I gene. Unlike quinolone treatment, however, SD8 treatment does not induce the SOS response. These results suggest that DNA gyrase is the target of SD8 in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and that the lack of the antibacterial effect against gram-negative bacteria is due, in part, to the activity of the AcrB efflux pump.

  • Copyright © 2009 American Society for Microbiology
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In Vivo and In Vitro Patterns of the Activity of Simocyclinone D8, an Angucyclinone Antibiotic from Streptomyces antibioticus
Lisa M. Oppegard, Bree L. Hamann, Kathryn R. Streck, Keith C. Ellis, Hans-Peter Fiedler, Arkady B. Khodursky, Hiroshi Hiasa
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2009, 53 (5) 2110-2119; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01440-08

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In Vivo and In Vitro Patterns of the Activity of Simocyclinone D8, an Angucyclinone Antibiotic from Streptomyces antibioticus
Lisa M. Oppegard, Bree L. Hamann, Kathryn R. Streck, Keith C. Ellis, Hans-Peter Fiedler, Arkady B. Khodursky, Hiroshi Hiasa
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2009, 53 (5) 2110-2119; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01440-08
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KEYWORDS

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptomyces antibioticus

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