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Resistance Plasmid Families in Enterobacteriaceae

Alessandra Carattoli
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01707-08

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  • TABLE 1.

    Overview of plasmid families associated with AmpC, ESBLs, 16S rRNA methylases, Qnr, and MBLs in Enterobacteriaceae

    EnzymeaReplicon(s)bSpeciescNo. of plasmidsCountry(ies)eSource(s)Reference(s) or GenBank accession no.
    CMY-2A/C Escherichia coli, S. enterica [Agona, Anatum, Bredeney, Heidelberg, Newport, Typhimurium]155Canada, France, Honduras, Iraq, Ireland, UK, USAHumans, cattle, pigs, poultry 1, 14, 32, 48, 73, 113
    I1 E. coli, S. enterica [4,5,12:I:−, Ajiobo, Heidelberg, Thompson, Typhimurium]30Canada, France, Gambia, Italy, UK, USAHumans, cattle, horses, dogs, pigs, poultry 1, 14, 32, 38, 48
    FIA-FIB E. coli 1UKHumans 48
    NT E. coli, S. enterica [Heidelberg]6Canada, UKCattle, poultry, pigs 1, 73
    CMY-4A/C S. enterica [Senftenberg]1UKHumans 48
    CMY-7I1 E. coli 11Pakistan, UKHumans 48
    CMY-8 (CTX-M-3)HI2 Klebsiella pneumoniae 1TaiwanHumans 19
    CMY-21I1 E. coli 1UKHumans 48
    CMY-31ColE S. enterica [Newport]1USAHumans 118
    CMY-36ColE K. pneumoniae 1GreeceHumans 118
    CTX-M-1N E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae29Denmark, France, SpainHumans, pigs 30, 69, 72, 76
    I1 E. coli 16France, ItalyHumans, poultry, dogs 38, 42, 69
    FII K. pneumoniae 2SpainHumans 30
    L/M E. coli 2SpainHumans 76
    NT E. coli 1FrancePoultry 42
    CTX-M-2A/C E. coli 14Bolivia, France, Peru, UKHumans 48, 69, 81
    HI2 E. coli 5France, BelgiumHumans, poultry 37, 69
    P E. coli 2France, IrelandHumans 48, 69
    I1 E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    FVII E. coli 1Bolivia, PeruHumans 81
    NT E. coli 3Bolivia, PeruHumans 81
    CTX-M-3 (ArmA)L/M E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens73Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Korea, Poland, RussiaHumans 4, 5, 35, 43, 54, 66, 69, 100, 104
    N E. coli, S. enterica [Virchow]5Australia, Spain, UKHumans 30, 48, 119
    A/C E. coli 2SpainHumans 29, 76
    I1 S. enterica [Anatum, Potsdam]2TaiwanHumans 67
    FII E. coli 3Australia, CroatiaHumans 66, 119
    NT E. coli 3Croatia, FranceHumans 43, 66, 69
    CTX-M-9HI2 E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica [Virchow]68France, Honduras, Pakistan, Spain, UKHumans, poultry 30, 36, 37, 48, 77
    P E. coli, K. pneumoniae10SpainHumans 77
    FII, FIB E. coli 12Australia, France, SpainHumans 30, 36, 69, 77, 119
    I1 E. coli, K. pneumoniae8SpainHumans 30, 77
    Y E. coli 2SpainHumans 77
    B/O E. coli 1SpainHumans 77
    K E. coli 1SpainHumans 30
    NT E. coli 2France, SpainHumans 69, 77
    CTX-M-10K E. coli 1SpainHumans 30
    NT E. coli 1SpainHumans 30
    CTX-M-14K E. coli 28Australia, France, Spain, UKCattle, humans 30, 48, 64, 69, 74, 119
    FII, FIB E. coli, K. pneumoniae13Australia, FranceHumans 69, 118
    I1 E. coli 8Australia, Bolivia, France, Peru, Spain, UKHumans 4, 48, 74, 81, 119
    HI2 E. coli 2SpainHumans 74
    B E. coli 2AustraliaHumans 119
    A/C E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli, S. enterica [Stanley]9Australia, France, Spain, Thailand, UKHumans, cattle 4, 30, 48, 64, 69, 119
    CTX-M-15 [TEM-1, AAC(6′)-IB-CR]FII, FIA, FIB E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. sonnei, S. enterica [Enteritidis]152Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Central African Republic, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Kuwait, India, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Peru, UKHumans 8, 13, 25, 30, 44, 48, 50, 55, 61, 66, 69, 76, 81, 90, 119
    I1 E. coli, S. enterica [Anatum, Ohio, Infantis, Typhimurium]14Australia, France, UKHumans 48, 69, 119
    A/C E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    L/M E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    N E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli, K. pneumoniae22Australia, Bolivia, Canada, France, Peru, TurkeyHumans 8, 44, 48, 69, 81, 119
    CTX-M-17ColE K. pneumoniae 1VietnamHumans 10
    CTX-M-24FII E. coli 2AustraliaHumans 119
    I1 E. coli 2Bolivia, PeruHumans 81
    CTX-M-27FII E. coli 1AustraliaHumans 119
    CTX-M-32N E. coli 8SpainHumans 30, 76
    CTX-M-40N E. coli 1UKHumans 48
    CTX-M-42L/M E. coli 2RussiaHumans 104
    CTX-M-53Q S. enterica [Westhampton]1FranceDQ268764
    CTX-M-56A/C E. coli 2Bolivia, PeruHumans 81
    CTX-M-62NT K. pneumoniae 1AustraliaHumans 119
    DHA-1FII, FIA S. enterica [Senftenberg]2UKHumans 48
    SHV-2A/C E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    FII, FIB E. coli 2FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 3FranceHumans 69
    SHV-4NT E. coli 2FranceHumans 69
    SHV-5L/M K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. cloacae118Albania, USAHumans 98, 110
    FII, FIB E. coli, K. pneumoniae2Spain, PolandHumans 30, 117
    A/C E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    SHV-12I1 E. coli, K. pneumoniae12Italy, SpainHumans, poultry 14, 30, 38, 69
    K E. coli, K. pneumoniae5SpainHumans 30
    FII, FIB E. coli, K. pneumoniae Enterobacter aerogenes, S. marcescens9Australia, France, Italy, SpainHumans 14, 30, 69, 119
    A/C E. coli, K. oxytoca3Australia, France, ItalyHumans 14, 69, 119
    HI2 E. coli 1SpainHumans 30
    FIIKd K. pneumoniae 1USACP000649
    NT E. coli 4France, SpainHumans 30, 69
    TEM-1FII, FIA, FIB E. coli 31FranceHumans 69
    I1 E. coli, S. enterica7Czech Republic, FranceHumans 51, 69
    HI1 S. enterica 2Czech RepublicHumans 51
    K E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    ColE K. pneumoniae, S. enterica [Typhimurium]2Italy, USAHumans, rabbits 83, 101
    NT E. coli 10FranceHumans 69
    Inhibitor-resistant TEMFII, FIA, FIB E. coli 35FranceHumans 69
    I1 E. coli 3FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 4FranceHumans 69
    TEM-3A/C E. coli 2FranceHumans 69
    L/M E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    TEM-10L/M E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    TEM-21A/C E. coli 7FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    TEM-24A/C E. coli 27FranceHumans 69
    Y E. coli 1FranceHumans 69
    NT E. coli 3FranceHumans 69
    TEM-52I1 E. coli, S. enterica [Agona, Derby, Infantis, Paratyphi B, Typhimurium]20France, BelgiumHumans, poultry 22, 69
    NT E. coli 3FranceHumans 69
    VEB-1 (QnrA1)A/C E. coli, E. cloacae, C. freundii Providencia stuartii, P. mirabilis13Algeria, Canada, France, Thailand, TurkeyHumans 96
    GES-5Q E. cloacae 1FranceHumansEU266532
    KPC-2N K. pneumoniae 1USAHumansFJ223607
    ColE K. pneumoniae 1ColombiaHumansEU176012
    IMP-4 (QnrB2, QnrB-4, ArmA)L/M E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, C. freundii, E. cloacae, Citrobacter amalonaticus, S. marcescens, Morganella morganii22AustraliaHumans 33
    A/C E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, Citrobacter koseri, E. cloacae, K. oxytoca15AustraliaHumans 33
    HI2 Citrobacter youngae 1AustraliaHumans 33
    NT K. pneumoniae 1AustraliaHumans 33
    IMP-8 (QnrB2, SHV-12)HI2 E. cloacae 2TaiwanHumans 20
    IMP-13A/C, P S. enterica [Anatum, Typhimurium]2ColombiaChicken, cheese 79
    VIM-1N E. coli, K. pneumoniae17GreeceHumans 14, 99
    HI2 E. cloacae 4SpainHumans 108
    I1 E. coli, K. pneumoniae,15SpainHumans 108
    W Serratia liquefaciens, K. oxytoca2GreeceHumans 71
    NT K. pneumoniae 1GreeceHumans 99
    VIM-4 (CMY-4)A/C E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae2ItalyHumans 14
    ArmAL/M C. amalonaticus, C. freundii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. morganii, S. marcescens38France, KoreaHumans 35, 53
    FII, FIIAsd E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens28KoreaHumans 4, 53
    A/C E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. freundii9KoreaHumans 53
    HI2 E. cloacae 4KoreaHumans 53
    N E. coli 1SpainPigs 45
    NT E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp.79Belgium, KoreaHumans 5, 53
    RmtB (CTX-M-14)A/C E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. freundii53KoreaHumans 53, 54
    FII E. coli, K. pneumoniae9Belgium, France, KoreaHumans 4, 5, 53
    I1 E. coli 1KoreaHumans 53
    MphAI1 S. sonnei 1FranceHumans 7
    QepA (QnrS1, RmtB, LAP-1)FII-FIA-FIB E. aerogenes, E. coli3France, KoreaHumans 82, 86
    QepA-2FII-FIA E. coli 1FranceHumans 16
    QnrA1 [SHV-12, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-9, AAC(6′)-IB-CR]L/M E. cloacae, S. marcescens6KoreaHumans 59
    HI2 K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae2Australia, FranceHumans 96
    FII E. aerogenes 1FranceHumans 96
    I1 K. pneumoniae 1FranceHumans 96
    QnrA3N K. pneumoniae, K. ascorbata2FranceHumans 60
    QnrB1 [AAC(6′)-IB-CR]L/M C. freundii, S. marcescens2KoreaHumans 59
    QnrB2 [CTX-M-3, AAC(6′)-IB-CR]FII, FIA E. coli 1PortugalDog 97
    L/M E. cloacae 1KoreaHumans 59
    N S. enterica [Bredeney]1The NetherlandsPoultry 39
    QnrB4 [ArmA, CTX-M-14, DHA-1, SHV-12, AAC(6′)-IB-CR]FIIAs,d FIA E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae34KoreaHumans 107
    L/M C. freundii 1KoreaHumans 59
    QnrB6 (ArmA, DHA-1)FIIAsd K. pneumoniae 1KoreaHumans 107
    QnrB19 (SHV-12)N S. enterica [Typhimurium]1The NetherlandsPoultry 39
    L/M S. enterica [Typhimurium]1ItalyHumansFJ790886
    QnrS1 [LAP-2, AAC(6′)-IB-CR]ColE S. enterica [Typhimurium, Virginia, Corvallis, Anatum]29The Netherlands, Taiwan, UKHumans 39, 49, 56, 116
    N S. enterica [Virchow, Kentucky, Saintpaul]5The Netherlands, UKHumans 39, 49
    L/M E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae2KoreaHumans 59, 107
    R K. pneumoniae, S. enterica [Montevideo]2Taiwan, The NetherlandsHumans 21, 39
    HI2 S. enterica [Stanley]1The NetherlandsHumans 39
    NT S. enterica [Stanley, Virginia, Virchow]6Turkey, UKHumans, poultry 2, 49
    QnrS2U Aeromonas punctata, Aeromonas allosaccharophila, Aeromonas media3France, SwitzerlandEnvironment 15, 89
    QNot identifiedNDfGermanyEnvironment 6

    • ↵ a Plasmids carrying more than one resistance gene are listed only one time with the most relevant resistant mechanism encoded, and additional resistance colocalizing on the same plasmid is reported in parentheses.

    • ↵ b NT, plasmids that were not typeable.

    • ↵ c Salmonella enterica serovars are listed in brackets.

    • ↵ d FIIAs and FIIK indicates replicons homologous to those of the Salmonella virulence plasmids (13) and the pKPN4 plasmid of K. pneumoniae (GenBank accession no. CP000649), respectively.

    • ↵ e UK, United Kingdom, USA, United States.

    • ↵ f ND, not determined.

  • TABLE 2.

    Major plasmid families and associated resistance genes in drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated worldwide from human and animal sources

    RepliconNo. of plasmidsResistance genesSpeciesHFEC (%)aAFEC (%)a
    F331 aac(6′)-Ib-cr, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1-2-3-9-14-15-24-27, blaDHA-1, blaSHV-2-5-12, blaTEM-1, armA, rmtB, qepA, qepA2, qnrA1, qnrB2, qnrB4, qnrB6, qnrB19, qnrS1 E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica, S. marcescens, S. sonnei53.567.0
    A/C317 bla CMY-2-4, blaCTX-M-2-3-14-15-56, blaSHV-2-5-12, blaTEM-3-21-24, blaIMP-4-8-13, blaVIM-4, blaVEB-1, armA, rmtB, qnrA1 C. freundii, C. koseri, E. cloacae, E. coli, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. stuartii, S. enterica, S. marcescens1.00.0
    L/M270 aac(6′)-Ib-cr, blaCTX-M-1-3-15-42, blaTEM-3-10, blaSHV-5, blaIMP-4-8, armA, qnrA1, qnrB1, qnrB2, qnrB4, qnrS1 C. amalonaticus, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. coli, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, M. morganii, P. mirabilis, S. enterica, S. flexneri, S. marcescens0.00.0
    I1146 bla CMY-2-7-21, blaCTX-M-1-2-3-9-14-15-24, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1-3-52, blaVIM-1, armA, rmtB, mphA, qnrA1 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica, S. sonnei6.917.4
    HI290 bla CTX-M-2-3-9-14, blaSHV-12, blaIMP-4, blaVIM-1, armA, qnrA1, qnrS1 C. youngae, E. cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica0.03.3
    N70 bla KPC-2, blaCTX-M-1-3-15-32-40, blaVIM-1, qnrA3, qnrB2, qnrB19, qnrS1, armA E. coli, K. ascorbata, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica0.010.9

    • ↵ a Occurrence of replicon types among 101 E. coli strains isolated from the feces of healthy, antibiotic-free humans (HFEC) and among 92 avian fecal E. coli strains (AFEC), detected by PBRT (52).

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KEYWORDS

Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Enterobacteriaceae
plasmids

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