Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1
The VanN-type resistance operon structure and the predicted ORFs found around the resistance region of E. faecium GU121-1. The upper panel shows the operon structure located on the conjugative plasmid found in the first reported VanN-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecium UCN71 clinical isolate in France (GenBank accession number: JF802084). The lower panel shows the operon structure and the predicted ORFs located on the chromosomal DNA of E. faecium GU121-1 (AB701345). The horizontal open arrows indicate ORFs and their direction of transcription. The gray-colored ORFs show the VanN-type resistance gene clusters. The thick horizontal lines behind the ORFs show the DNA sequence regions determined. The thick black lines indicate regions corresponding to the published DNA sequence data of UCN71 (6,750 bp). The thick gray lines indicate the plasmid DNA sequence regions determined in this study (12,344 bp). The promoter regions (−35 and −10 sequences) for vanN genes are shown in detail.
- Fig 2
PFGE analysis of the plasmid DNAs of VanN-type GRE isolates using S1 nuclease enzyme and Southern hybridization with the vanN ligase gene probe. (A) PFGE analysis using S1 nuclease enzyme. At least four plasmid DNA bands were detected on the gel (arrows). (B) Southern hybridization of panel A blotted with the vanN ligase gene labeled using a nonisotopic digoxigenin system (Roche). Of the four plasmid bands, the largest, a 160-kbp plasmid DNA band, bound to the vanN-specific probe (arrow). Lanes M, lambda ladder PFGE molecular size marker (NEB); lanes 1, E. faecium GU121-1; lanes 2, GU121-2; lanes 3, GU121-3; lanes 4, GU121-4; lanes 5, GU121-5.
Tables
- Table 1
GRE isolates from meat samplesa
Country (prefecture) of origin No. of chicken, pig samples Corresponding no. of GRE strains/samplesb vanC1 vanC2 vanN Japan (Gunma) 30, 15 62/21, 6/3 3/1, 3/1 0, 0 Japan (Miyazaki) 30, 15 77/27, 0 0, 0 5/1, 0 Japan (Kagoshima) 30, 15 15/5, 0 3/1, 0 0, 0 United States 3, 44 3/1, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Brazil 71, 0 173/59, 0 0, 0 0, 0 France 6, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Philippines 5, 0 13/5, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Canada 0, 25 0, 0 0, 3/1 0, 0 Denmark 0, 19 0, 0 0, 2/1 0, 0 Mexico 0, 7 0, 0 3/1, 0 0, 0 Chile 0, 3 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0 Spain 0, 2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Hungary 0, 1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Netherlands 0, 1 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 Chicken, pig totals 175, 147 343/118, 6/3 9/3, 8/3 5/1, 0
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1 -
Figure S1, PFGE analysis of the five VanN-type isolates. Figure S2, PFGE analysis using I-Ceu I enzyme and Southern hybridization. Figure S3, real-time PCR analysis of vanN gene of VanN-type vancomycin-resistant E. faecium GU121-1.
PDF, 625K
- Supplemental file 1 -
