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Experimental Therapeutics

Limited Activity of Clofazimine as a Single Drug in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Exhibiting Caseous Necrotic Granulomas

Scott M. Irwin, Veronica Gruppo, Elizabeth Brooks, Janet Gilliland, Michael Scherman, Matthew J. Reichlen, Rachel Leistikow, Igor Kramnik, Eric L. Nuermberger, Martin I. Voskuil, Anne J. Lenaerts
Scott M. Irwin
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Veronica Gruppo
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Elizabeth Brooks
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Janet Gilliland
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Michael Scherman
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Matthew J. Reichlen
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rachel Leistikow
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Igor Kramnik
Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Eric L. Nuermberger
Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Martin I. Voskuil
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Anne J. Lenaerts
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02565-14
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ABSTRACT

New drugs and drugs with a novel mechanism of action are desperately needed to shorten the duration of tuberculosis treatment, to prevent the emergence of drug resistance, and to treat multiple-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recently, there has been renewed interest in clofazimine (CFZ). In this study, we utilized the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model, possessing highly organized, hypoxic pulmonary granulomas with caseous necrosis, to evaluate CFZ monotherapy in comparison to results with BALB/c mice, which form only multifocal, coalescing cellular aggregates devoid of caseous necrosis. While CFZ treatment was highly effective in BALB/c mice, its activity was attenuated in the lungs of C3HeB/FeJ mice. This lack of efficacy was directly related to the pathological progression of disease in these mice, since administration of CFZ prior to the formation of hypoxic, necrotic granulomas reconstituted bactericidal activity in this mouse strain. These results support the continued use of mouse models of tuberculosis infection which exhibit a granulomatous response in the lungs that more closely resembles the pathology found in human disease.

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Limited Activity of Clofazimine as a Single Drug in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Exhibiting Caseous Necrotic Granulomas
Scott M. Irwin, Veronica Gruppo, Elizabeth Brooks, Janet Gilliland, Michael Scherman, Matthew J. Reichlen, Rachel Leistikow, Igor Kramnik, Eric L. Nuermberger, Martin I. Voskuil, Anne J. Lenaerts
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2014, 58 (7) 4026-4034; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02565-14

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Limited Activity of Clofazimine as a Single Drug in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Exhibiting Caseous Necrotic Granulomas
Scott M. Irwin, Veronica Gruppo, Elizabeth Brooks, Janet Gilliland, Michael Scherman, Matthew J. Reichlen, Rachel Leistikow, Igor Kramnik, Eric L. Nuermberger, Martin I. Voskuil, Anne J. Lenaerts
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2014, 58 (7) 4026-4034; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02565-14
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