Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Map of functional genes and truncated open reading frames (*) on an IncQ1 plasmid (GenBank accession no. KY126032 ) present in multiple bacterial species isolated from the environment of a piglet nursery barn at a U.S. swine operation. The replication (rep), mobilization (mob), integration, and antibiotic resistance genes are depicted.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Conjugative plasmid content of 18 environmental isolates harboring blaIMP-27 on an IncQ1 plasmid recovered from the nursery and farrowing barns of a single swine production system
Isolate Recovery date Location Barn Sample type Species Conjugative plasmid content 13-19A 7/25/2015 Floor Nursery room A Gauze sponge Escherichia coli a IncX, IncI1, IncF 13-19B 7/25/2016 Floor Nursery room A Gauze sponge Proteus mirabilis 13-28A 7/25/2017 Pen gate Nursery room A Gauze sponge Escherichia coli a IncX, IncI1, IncF S4-A 10/2/2015 Crate floor mats Farrowing room A Electrostatic cloth Morganella morganii S4-B 10/2/2015 Crate floor mats Farrowing room A Electrostatic cloth Providencia rettgeri S5-A 10/2/2015 Sow feeders Farrowing room A Electrostatic cloth Proteus vulgaris IncP S8-A 10/2/2015 Crate bars Farrowing room A Electrostatic cloth Enterobacter cancerogenus IncP S8-B 10/2/2015 Crate bars Farrowing room A Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter braakii IncP, IncW S11 10/2/2015 Exhaust vent cover Farrowing Rm A Electrostatic cloth Enterobacter cloacae IncP S13-A 10/2/2015 Crate dividers Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter sp. IncP, IncI1 S13-B 10/2/2015 Crate dividers Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Enterobacter cancerogenus IncP S14 10/2/2015 Crate dividers Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter farmeri IncP S15-A 10/2/2015 Crate floor mats Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter koseri IncP S15-B 10/2/2015 Crate floor mats Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Morganella morganii S17 10/2/2015 Sow feeders Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter farmeri IncP S18 10/2/2015 Sow feeders Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Klebsiella oxytoca S19 10/2/2015 Crate bars Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Citrobacter koseri IncP S23 10/2/2015 Exhaust vent cover Farrowing room B Electrostatic cloth Escherichia coli a IncX, IncI1, IncF, IncW ↵a Escherichia coli isolates from the nursery barn floor and pen gate were sequence type 218, while the E. coli isolate from the farrowing room exhaust fan was sequence type 101.
- TABLE 2
MICs of 24 antimicrobials for 18 blaIMP-harboring environmental isolates recovered from nursery and farrowing barns of a single swine production systema
Isolate MIC (μg/ml) AMC AMP AZM CFZ FEP CTX FOX CPD CAZ CTF CRO CHL CIP GEN IPM MEM NAL TZP STR SFZ TXC TZC TET SXT 13-19A >32 >32 8 >16 16 64 >64 >32 128 >8 >64 8 ≤1 >16 ≤0.5 4 4 8 >64 >256 64 128 ≤4 0.25 13-19B 16 >32 >16 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 8 >8 >64 4 ≤1 ≤4 4 8 4 ≤ 8 >256 64 8 32 >4 13-28A >32 >32 8 >16 16 64 >64 >32 128 >8 >64 8 ≤1 >16 ≤0.5 4 4 8 >64 >256 64 128 ≤4 0.25 S4-A >32 >32 >16 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 8 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 4 4 4 ≤4 >64 >256 >64 16 >32 0.5 S4-B 4 ≤8 >16 >16 2 16 >64 16 8 >8 16 16 ≤1 4 4 8 2 ≤4 8 >256 16 4 32 1 S5-A 8 >32 >16 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 32 >8 >64 4 ≤1 ≤4 4 8 4 ≤4 8 >256 >64 32 >32 >4 S8-A 8 8 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 128 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 64 64 >32 0.5 S8-B >32 >32 8 >16 16 >64 >64 >32 64 >8 >64 8 ≤1 ≤4 1 8 4 ≤4 >64 >256 >64 32 >32 ≤0.12 S11 >32 >32 >16 >16 8 64 >64 >32 32 >8 >64 8 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 4 4 ≤4 64 >256 64 32 >32 >4 S13-A >32 >32 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 >128 >8 >64 8 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 64 ≤2 >256 >64 >128 >32 0.5 S13-B 8 16 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 128 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 >64 128 >32 0.5 S14 8 8 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 64 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 64 64 >32 0.25 S15-A 16 8 8 >16 16 >64 >64 >32 64 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 64 64 >32 0.5 S15-B >32 >32 >16 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 16 >8 >64 32 ≤1 ≤4 4 4 4 ≤4 16 >256 >64 16 >32 0.5 S17 8 16 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 64 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 1 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 64 64 >32 0.5 S18 8 32 8 >16 4 32 >64 >32 32 >8 64 4 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 2 1 ≤4 >64 >256 32 32 >32 ≤0.12 S19 16 16 8 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 64 >8 >64 16 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 4 ≤4 ≤2 >256 64 64 >32 0.5 S23 >32 >32 2 >16 >16 >64 >64 >32 128 >8 >64 4 ≤1 ≤4 ≤0.5 8 2 ≤4 8 >256 >64 64 >32 ≤0.12 ↵a Antimicrobials tested and resistance MIC cutoff values (R, in micrograms per milliliter) when determined: AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2:1 ratio), R ≥ 32; AMP, ampicillin, R ≥ 32; AZM, azithromycin, R >16; CFZ, cefazolin, R ≥ 8; FEP, cefepime, R ≥ 32; CTX, cefotaxime, R ≥ 4; FOX, cefoxitin, R ≥ 32; CPD, cefpodoxime, R ≥ 8; CAZ, ceftazidime, R ≥ 16; CTF, ceftiofur, R ≥ 8; CRO, ceftriaxone, R ≥ 4; CHL, chloramphenicol, R ≥ 32; CIP, ciprofloxacin, R ≥ 4; GEN, gentamicin, R ≥ 16; IPM, imipenem, R ≥ 4; MEM, meropenem, R ≥ 4; NAL, nalidixic acid, R ≥ 32; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam), R ≥ 128/4; STR, streptomycin, R ≥ 64; SFZ, sulfisoxazole, R >256; TXC, cefotaxime-clavulanic acid; TZC, ceftazidime- clavulanic acid; TET, tetracycline, R ≥ 16; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, R ≥ 4/76. Isolate-antibiotic combinations that demonstrated resistance are shown in boldface.
