Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1
Genotyping data from P. falciparum isolates taken from primary and secondary symptomatic malaria episodes in four UK patients
Patient Sex and age (yrs) Travel Episode 1 Episode 2 (elapsed time since previous episode) Mutation(s) or haplotype WGSf clonality pfk13b pfcrtc pfmdr1 pfap2mu pfubp1 1 Male over 65 Angola August 2015 Lys189Thr CVIET Tyr184Phed Ser160Asn WT 43 days Lys189Thr CVIET Tyr184Phe Ser160Asn WT 2 Female under 21 Uganda January 2016 WT CVIET WT WT Glu1525Gln 28 days (cultured)a WT CVIET WT WT Glu1525Gln 3 Male over 21 Liberia February 2016 WT Gly112Glu CVIET CVMNK Tyr184Phe ins_Lys233,e ins_Asn233 WT ≥2 clones 17 days Gly112Glu CVMNK Tyr184Phe ins_Lys233 WT 1 clone 4 Female under 21 Uganda January 2016 Lys189Thr CVIET WT ins_Asn226, ins_Asn326 Thr1500Ile 34 days Lys189Thr CVIET WT ins_Asn226, ins_Asn326 Thr1500Ile ↵a Parasites from the second malaria episode of patient 2 were successfully established in in vitro culture for estimation of drug susceptibility.
↵b The nomenclature used shows the wild-type (WT) (reference) amino acid encoded at the codon of interest, followed by the amino acid encoded by the observed variant. Mutations in the pfk13 locus previously associated with reduced susceptibility to artemisinin in vitro and in vivo in the Mekong region occur between codon 440 and the 3′ end of the coding region.
↵c The nomenclature used shows the single-letter amino acid code for codons 72 to 76, strongly associated with chloroquine resistance. The CVMNK haplotype has been associated with AL treatment failures in Kenya (5).
↵d The single mutation Tyr to Phe at codon 184 identifies the NFD genotype at codons 86, 184, and 1246 in the pfmdr1 locus, previously associated with AL failure in Tanzania and Kenya (5, 8).
↵e ins, insertion of one amino acid, relative to the reference sequence, after the codon shown.
↵f Whole-genome sequencing results for both parasite isolates from patient 3. In the primary episode, heterozygosity (variant allele frequencies of between 5% and 95% of total reads) was seen in over 4,000 loci. About 50% of reads at informative positions comprised variants also present in the monoclonal recrudescent episode (17 days later).