In Vitro Activity of Manogepix (APX001A) and Comparators against Contemporary Molds: MEC Comparison and Preliminary Experience with Colorimetric MIC Determination

ABSTRACT

Manogepix (APX001A) is the active moiety of the drug candidate fosmanogepix (APX001), currently in clinical development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. We compared manogepix EUCAST minimum effective concentrations (MECs) to MICs of five comparators and CLSI MECs and MICs by a colorimetric method against contemporary molds. EUCAST susceptibility testing was performed for 161 isolates. Interlaboratory and intermethod reproducibility were determined by comparison with published manogepix MECs. Colorimetric MICs (measuring metabolic activity) were evaluated using three Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and one Aspergillus flavus isolate with four inocula at 24 to 48 h of incubation and 1 to 3 h 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT)/menadione (MEN) exposure. Manogepix modal MECs (range in mg/liter) against Aspergillus species were 0.03 to 0.06 (0.008 to 0.125) and unaffected by itraconazole resistance. Manogepix was as active against two Fusarium isolates but inactive against Trichophyton interdigitale, Lichtheimia ramosa, and Rhizomucor pusillus isolates (MECs >0.5). Modal MEC/MICs were ≥3 2-fold dilutions apart without overlapping ranges comparing manogepix with amphotericin B, isavuconazole, and voriconazole against Aspergillus isolates. Manogepix and posaconazole MECs/MICs correlated for Aspergillus niger (Pearson’s r = 0.711; P = 0.0044). The MEC at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited (MEC₅₀), mode, and MEC₉₀ values were within ±1 dilution in all cases compared with published EUCAST and CLSI data. The colorimetric method showed excellent agreement with the MECs when plates were inoculated with the lowest inoculum (1 × 10² CFU/ml to 2.5 × 10² CFU/ml), incubated for 24 h, and exposed for 1 to 3 h to XTT/MEN. Broad-spectrum in vitro activity of manogepix against clinically relevant molds was confirmed with excellent agreement across EUCAST and CLSI methods reported from experienced mycology laboratories. Colorimetric MIC determination warrants further investigation as a potential alternative that is less dependent on mycology expertise.