amphotericin B
Experimental TherapeuticsAmphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous Candida MeningoencephalitisHematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a life-threatening complication of neonates and immunocompromised children. Amphotericin B (AmB) shows poor permeation and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations but is effective in the treatment of HCME. In order to better understand the mechanism of CNS penetration of AmB, we hypothesized that AmB may achieve focally higher concentrations in infected CNS lesions.
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SusceptibilityIn Vitro Antifungal Combination of Flucytosine with Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, or Micafungin against Candida auris Shows No AntagonismCandida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for invasive hospital-acquired infections. Flucytosine is an effective anti-Candida species drug, but which cannot be used as a monotherapy because of the risk of development of resistant mutants during treatment. It is, therefore, noteworthy to test possible combinations with flucytosine...
Editor's Pick MinireviewTherapeutic Challenges of Non-Aspergillus Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed PatientsWhile Aspergillus spp. remain the major cause of invasive mold infections in hematologic cancer patients and transplant recipients, other opportunistic molds, such as Mucorales, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. are increasingly encountered in an expanding population of patients with severe and prolonged immunosuppression. High potential for tissue invasion and dissemination, resistance to multiple...
Mechanisms of ResistanceGenomewide Elucidation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Systemically Used Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole in the Budding YeastThere are only a few antifungal drugs used systemically in treatment, and invasive fungal infections that are resistant to these drugs are an emerging problem in health care. In this study, we performed a high-copy-number genomic DNA (gDNA) library screening to find and characterize genes that reduce susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole in ...
Mechanisms of ResistanceChemogenomic Profiling of Antileishmanial Efficacy and Resistance in the Related Kinetoplastid Parasite Trypanosoma bruceiThe arsenal of drugs used to treat leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is limited and beset by toxicity and emergent resistance. Furthermore, our understanding of drug mode of action and potential routes to resistance is limited. Forward genetic approaches have revolutionized our understanding of drug mode of action in the related kinetoplastid parasite ...
SusceptibilityA Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic Mucor Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility ProfilesRecently, the species concept of opportunistic Mucor circinelloides and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevant Mucor species and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method...
Mechanisms of ResistanceA Systematic Screen Reveals a Diverse Collection of Medications That Induce Antifungal Resistance in Candida SpeciesThe increasing incidence of and high mortality rates associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) impose an enormous clinical, social, and economic burden on humankind. In addition to microbiological resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the large number of unexplained treatment failures is a serious concern.
Experimental TherapeuticsSynergistic Antifungal Effect of Amphotericin B-Loaded Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles and Ultrasound against Candida albicans BiofilmsCandida albicans is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and life-threatening infections. An important reason for the failure of current antifungal drugs is related to biofilm formation, mostly associated with implanted medical devices.
Mechanisms of ResistanceERG6 and ERG2 Are Major Targets Conferring Reduced Susceptibility to Amphotericin B in Clinical Candida glabrata Isolates in KuwaitCandida glabrata is intrinsically less susceptible to azoles, and resistance to echinocandins and reduced susceptibility (RS) to amphotericin B (AMB) have also been detected. The molecular mechanisms of RS to AMB were investigated in C. glabrata strains in Kuwait by sequence analyses of genes...
Clinical TherapeuticsSuccessful Treatment of Saksenaea sp. Osteomyelitis by Conservative Surgery and Intradiaphyseal Incorporation of Amphotericin B Cement BeadsOsteoarticular mucormycosis cases are quite rare and challenging infections that are mostly due to direct inoculation during traumatic injury among immunocompetent patients. Classic management includes a combination of aggressive surgical debridement, which may lead to amputation, and long-term systemic liposomal amphotericin B therapy.