amphotericin B
SusceptibilitySpecies Distribution and Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strips Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of 112 Aspergillus Section Nigri IsolatesAspergillus niger, the third species responsible for invasive aspergillosis, has been considered as a homogeneous species until DNA-based identification uncovered many cryptic species. These species have been recently reclassified into the Aspergillus section Nigri. However, little is yet known among the section Nigri about the species...
SusceptibilityLactoferrin Is Broadly Active against Yeasts and Highly Synergistic with Amphotericin BLactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional milk protein with antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens. While numerous studies report that LF is active against fungi, there are considerable differences in the level of antifungal activity and the capacity of LF to interact with other drugs. Here we undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the antifungal spectrum of activity of three defined sources of LF across 22 yeast and 24 mold...
Experimental TherapeuticsIdentification of Off-Patent Drugs That Show Synergism with Amphotericin B or That Present Antifungal Action against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida spp.Amphotericin B (AmB) is the antifungal with the strongest fungicidal activity, but its use has several limitations, mainly associated with its toxicity. Although some lipidic and liposomal formulations that present reduced toxicity are available, their price limits their application in developing countries. Flucytosine (5FC) has shown synergistic effect with AmB for treatment of some fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, but again...
SusceptibilityIn Vitro Antifungal Combination of Flucytosine with Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, or Micafungin against Candida auris Shows No AntagonismCandida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for invasive hospital-acquired infections. Flucytosine is an effective anti-Candida species drug, but which cannot be used as a monotherapy because of the risk of development of resistant mutants during treatment. It is, therefore, noteworthy to test possible combinations with flucytosine...
Experimental TherapeuticsAmphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous Candida MeningoencephalitisHematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a life-threatening complication of neonates and immunocompromised children. Amphotericin B (AmB) shows poor permeation and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations but is effective in the treatment of HCME. In order to better understand the mechanism of CNS penetration of AmB, we hypothesized that AmB may achieve focally higher concentrations in infected CNS lesions.
...
Editor's Pick MinireviewTherapeutic Challenges of Non-Aspergillus Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed PatientsWhile Aspergillus spp. remain the major cause of invasive mold infections in hematologic cancer patients and transplant recipients, other opportunistic molds, such as Mucorales, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. are increasingly encountered in an expanding population of patients with severe and prolonged immunosuppression. High potential for tissue invasion and dissemination, resistance to multiple...
Mechanisms of ResistanceGenomewide Elucidation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Systemically Used Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole in the Budding YeastThere are only a few antifungal drugs used systemically in treatment, and invasive fungal infections that are resistant to these drugs are an emerging problem in health care. In this study, we performed a high-copy-number genomic DNA (gDNA) library screening to find and characterize genes that reduce susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole in ...
SusceptibilityA Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic Mucor Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility ProfilesRecently, the species concept of opportunistic Mucor circinelloides and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevant Mucor species and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method...
Mechanisms of ResistanceChemogenomic Profiling of Antileishmanial Efficacy and Resistance in the Related Kinetoplastid Parasite Trypanosoma bruceiThe arsenal of drugs used to treat leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is limited and beset by toxicity and emergent resistance. Furthermore, our understanding of drug mode of action and potential routes to resistance is limited. Forward genetic approaches have revolutionized our understanding of drug mode of action in the related kinetoplastid parasite ...
Mechanisms of ResistanceA Systematic Screen Reveals a Diverse Collection of Medications That Induce Antifungal Resistance in Candida SpeciesThe increasing incidence of and high mortality rates associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) impose an enormous clinical, social, and economic burden on humankind. In addition to microbiological resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the large number of unexplained treatment failures is a serious concern.