amphotericin B
SusceptibilityDevelopment and Validation of an In Vitro Resazurin-Based Susceptibility Assay against Madurella mycetomatisWe present an in vitro susceptibility assay for Madurella mycetomatis hyphae using resazurin for endpoint reading. Using this assay, reproducible MICs were obtained for amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, terbinafine, and micafungin.
SusceptibilityAzole and Amphotericin B MIC Values against Aspergillus fumigatus: High Agreement between Spectrophotometric and Visual Readings Using the EUCAST EDef 9.3.2 ProcedureThe EUCAST EDef 9.3.2 procedure recommends visual readings of azole and amphotericin B MICs against Aspergillus spp. Visual determination of MICs may be challenging. In this work, we aim to obtain and compare visual and spectrophotometric MIC readings of azoles and amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus sensu lato isolates. A total of 847...
Experimental TherapeuticsAssessing the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Biodistribution of Novel Oral Formulations of Amphotericin B following Single- and Multiple-Dose Administration to Beagle DogsThe purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and biodistribution of novel oral amphotericin B (AmpB) formulations following single- and multiple-oral-dose administration to healthy beagle dogs. The liquid formulation of AmpB was administered to three male dogs, and the capsule formulations of AmpB were administered to each of two groups of six male dogs. Blood was collected for pharmacokinetic...
Clinical TherapeuticsPhase I EnACT Trial of the Safety and Tolerability of a Novel Oral Formulation of Amphotericin BAmphotericin B deoxycholate (AMB) has substantial toxicities. A novel encochleated amphotericin B deoxycholate (cAMB) formulation has oral bioavailability, efficacy in an animal model, and minimal toxicity due to targeted drug delivery into macrophages, where intracellular fungi reside. We conducted a phase I, ascending-dose trial of cAMB administered at 1.0 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g per day in 4 to 6 divided doses among HIV-positive survivors...
SusceptibilityManogepix (APX001A) In Vitro Activity against Candida auris: Head-to-Head Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI MICsFosmanogepix is a novel prodrug in a new class of antifungal agents. Manogepix is the active moiety. We evaluated the CLSI and EUCAST MICs of manogepix and eight comparators against Candida auris. CLSI M27-A3 susceptibility testing of manogepix was performed for 122 C. auris isolates and compared to...
SusceptibilitySpecies Distribution and Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strips Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of 112 Aspergillus Section Nigri IsolatesAspergillus niger, the third species responsible for invasive aspergillosis, has been considered as a homogeneous species until DNA-based identification uncovered many cryptic species. These species have been recently reclassified into the Aspergillus section Nigri. However, little is yet known among the section Nigri about the species...
SusceptibilityLactoferrin Is Broadly Active against Yeasts and Highly Synergistic with Amphotericin BLactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional milk protein with antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens. While numerous studies report that LF is active against fungi, there are considerable differences in the level of antifungal activity and the capacity of LF to interact with other drugs. Here we undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the antifungal spectrum of activity of three defined sources of LF across 22 yeast and 24 mold...
Experimental TherapeuticsIdentification of Off-Patent Drugs That Show Synergism with Amphotericin B or That Present Antifungal Action against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida spp.Amphotericin B (AmB) is the antifungal with the strongest fungicidal activity, but its use has several limitations, mainly associated with its toxicity. Although some lipidic and liposomal formulations that present reduced toxicity are available, their price limits their application in developing countries. Flucytosine (5FC) has shown synergistic effect with AmB for treatment of some fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, but again...
Experimental TherapeuticsAmphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous Candida MeningoencephalitisHematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a life-threatening complication of neonates and immunocompromised children. Amphotericin B (AmB) shows poor permeation and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations but is effective in the treatment of HCME. In order to better understand the mechanism of CNS penetration of AmB, we hypothesized that AmB may achieve focally higher concentrations in infected CNS lesions.
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