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amphotericin B

  • Amphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous <em>Candida</em> Meningoencephalitis
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Amphotericin B Penetrates into the Central Nervous System through Focal Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Hematogenous Candida Meningoencephalitis

    Hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis (HCME) is a life-threatening complication of neonates and immunocompromised children. Amphotericin B (AmB) shows poor permeation and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations but is effective in the treatment of HCME. In order to better understand the mechanism of CNS penetration of AmB, we hypothesized that AmB may achieve focally higher concentrations in infected CNS lesions.

    ...
    Vidmantas Petraitis, Ruta Petraitiene, Jessica M. Valdez, Vasilios Pyrgos, Martin J. Lizak, Brenda A. Klaunberg, Darius Kalasauskas, Algidas Basevicius, John D. Bacher, Daniel K. Benjamin, William W. Hope, Thomas J. Walsh
  • <em>In Vitro</em> Antifungal Combination of Flucytosine with Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, or Micafungin against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span> Shows No Antagonism
    Susceptibility
    In Vitro Antifungal Combination of Flucytosine with Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, or Micafungin against Candida auris Shows No Antagonism

    Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for invasive hospital-acquired infections. Flucytosine is an effective anti-Candida species drug, but which cannot be used as a monotherapy because of the risk of development of resistant mutants during treatment. It is, therefore, noteworthy to test possible combinations with flucytosine...

    A. L. Bidaud, F. Botterel, A. Chowdhary, E. Dannaoui
  • Therapeutic Challenges of Non-<em>Aspergillus</em> Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients
    Editor's Pick Minireview
    Therapeutic Challenges of Non-Aspergillus Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients

    While Aspergillus spp. remain the major cause of invasive mold infections in hematologic cancer patients and transplant recipients, other opportunistic molds, such as Mucorales, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. are increasingly encountered in an expanding population of patients with severe and prolonged immunosuppression. High potential for tissue invasion and dissemination, resistance to multiple...

    Frederic Lamoth, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
  • Genomewide Elucidation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Systemically Used Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole in the Budding Yeast
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Genomewide Elucidation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Systemically Used Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole in the Budding Yeast

    There are only a few antifungal drugs used systemically in treatment, and invasive fungal infections that are resistant to these drugs are an emerging problem in health care. In this study, we performed a high-copy-number genomic DNA (gDNA) library screening to find and characterize genes that reduce susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole in ...

    Cigdem Balkan, Ilkcan Ercan, Esin Isik, Esra Sahin Akdeniz, Orhan Balcioglu, Marie Kodedová, Olga Zimmermannová, Muhammed Dundar, Hana Sychrová, Ahmet Koc
  • Open Access
    Chemogenomic Profiling of Antileishmanial Efficacy and Resistance in the Related Kinetoplastid Parasite <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Trypanosoma brucei</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Chemogenomic Profiling of Antileishmanial Efficacy and Resistance in the Related Kinetoplastid Parasite Trypanosoma brucei

    The arsenal of drugs used to treat leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania spp., is limited and beset by toxicity and emergent resistance. Furthermore, our understanding of drug mode of action and potential routes to resistance is limited. Forward genetic approaches have revolutionized our understanding of drug mode of action in the related kinetoplastid parasite ...

    Clare F. Collett, Carl Kitson, Nicola Baker, Heather B. Steele-Stallard, Marie-Victoire Santrot, Sebastian Hutchinson, David Horn, Sam Alsford
  • A Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic <em>Mucor</em> Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles
    Susceptibility
    A Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic Mucor Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles

    Recently, the species concept of opportunistic Mucor circinelloides and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevant Mucor species and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method...

    Lysett Wagner, Sybren de Hoog, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Kerstin Voigt, Oliver Kurzai, Grit Walther
  • A Systematic Screen Reveals a Diverse Collection of Medications That Induce Antifungal Resistance in <em>Candida</em> Species
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    A Systematic Screen Reveals a Diverse Collection of Medications That Induce Antifungal Resistance in Candida Species

    The increasing incidence of and high mortality rates associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) impose an enormous clinical, social, and economic burden on humankind. In addition to microbiological resistance to existing antifungal drugs, the large number of unexplained treatment failures is a serious concern.

    Arielle Butts, Parker Reitler, Andrew T. Nishimoto, Christian DeJarnette, Leanna R. Estredge, Tracy L. Peters, Michael P. Veve, P. David Rogers, Glen E. Palmer
  • Synergistic Antifungal Effect of Amphotericin B-Loaded Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles and Ultrasound against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Biofilms
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Synergistic Antifungal Effect of Amphotericin B-Loaded Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles and Ultrasound against Candida albicans Biofilms

    Candida albicans is a human opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and life-threatening infections. An important reason for the failure of current antifungal drugs is related to biofilm formation, mostly associated with implanted medical devices.

    Min Yang, Kaiyue Du, Yuru Hou, Shuang Xie, Yu Dong, Dairong Li, Yonghong Du
  • <em>ERG6</em> and <em>ERG2</em> Are Major Targets Conferring Reduced Susceptibility to Amphotericin B in Clinical <em>Candida glabrata</em> Isolates in Kuwait
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    ERG6 and ERG2 Are Major Targets Conferring Reduced Susceptibility to Amphotericin B in Clinical Candida glabrata Isolates in Kuwait

    Candida glabrata is intrinsically less susceptible to azoles, and resistance to echinocandins and reduced susceptibility (RS) to amphotericin B (AMB) have also been detected. The molecular mechanisms of RS to AMB were investigated in C. glabrata strains in Kuwait by sequence analyses of genes...

    Suhail Ahmad, Leena Joseph, Josie E. Parker, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Steven L. Kelly, Jacques F. Meis, Ziauddin Khan
  • Successful Treatment of <em>Saksenaea</em> sp. Osteomyelitis by Conservative Surgery and Intradiaphyseal Incorporation of Amphotericin B Cement Beads
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Successful Treatment of Saksenaea sp. Osteomyelitis by Conservative Surgery and Intradiaphyseal Incorporation of Amphotericin B Cement Beads

    Osteoarticular mucormycosis cases are quite rare and challenging infections that are mostly due to direct inoculation during traumatic injury among immunocompetent patients. Classic management includes a combination of aggressive surgical debridement, which may lead to amputation, and long-term systemic liposomal amphotericin B therapy.

    Perrine Parize, Anne-Claire Mamez, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Valérie Dumaine, Sylvain Poirée, Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix, Vincent Jullien, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier

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