antibiotics
Experimental TherapeuticsIn Vitro Study of the Synergistic Effect of an Enzyme Cocktail and Antibiotics against Biofilms in a Prosthetic Joint Infection ModelProsthetic joint infections (PJI) are frequent complications of arthroplasties. Their treatment is made complex by the rapid formation of bacterial biofilms, limiting the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.
PharmacologyA Single- and Multiple-Dose Study To Characterize the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Imipenem and Relebactam in Healthy Chinese ParticipantsRelebactam/imipenem/cilastatin is approved in the United States to treat complicated urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections in patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options and hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP)/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP). Initial pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability studies of relebactam with and without imipenem/cilastatin included mostly Caucasian...
Experimental TherapeuticsSodium Tetraphenylborate Displays Selective Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae and Is Effective at Reducing Bacterial Infection LoadNeisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, two highly related species that might have emerged from a common commensal ancestor, constitute major human threats. Vaccines are available to prevent N. meningitidis infection,...
Clinical TherapeuticsA Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed MeningesVentriculostomy-associated infections in critically ill patients remain therapeutically challenging because of drug- and disease-related factors that contribute to suboptimal antibiotic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Optimal antibiotic dosing for the treatment and prevention of such infections should be based on robust and contextually specific pharmacokinetic data. The objects of this study were to describe and critically...
Editor's Pick Meeting ReviewFDA Public Workshop Summary: Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug DevelopmentThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a public workshop entitled “Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug Development” on 5 March 2020. The workshop mainly focused on models of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The program included...
Clinical TherapeuticsOptimization of an Assay To Determine Colonization Resistance to Clostridioides difficile in Fecal Samples from Healthy Subjects and Those Treated with AntibioticsA healthy, intact gut microbiota is often resistant to colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens. During periods of dysbiosis, however, organisms such as Clostridioides difficile can thrive. We describe an optimized in vitro colonization resistance assay for C. difficile in stool (CRACS)...
Clinical TherapeuticsPatients with Erythema Migrans: Characterizing the Impact of Initiation of Antibiotic Therapy Prior to Study EnrollmentErythema migrans is the most common clinical manifestation of Lyme disease, with concomitant subjective symptoms occurring in ∼65% of cases in the United States. We evaluated the impact of having been started on antibiotic treatment before study enrollment on 12 particular symptoms for 38 subjects with erythema migrans versus 52 untreated subjects. There were no significant differences in the frequency of having at least one symptom or...
Clinical TherapeuticsA Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Continuous Infusion of Cloxacillin during Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint InfectionsIntravenous administration of antibiotics is recommended during the early phase of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) bone and joint infection (BJI). We sought to compare the plasma concentrations of cloxacillin administered alternately by continuous and intermittent infusion (CI and ItI) in patients with MSSA BJI. In this prospective crossover trial, patients...
Clinical TherapeuticsAntibiotic Consumption and Stewardship at a Hospital outside of an Early Coronavirus Disease 2019 EpicenterThere are scant data on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital antibiotic consumption, and no data from outside epicenters. At our nonepicenter hospital, antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) and bed days of care (BDOC) were reduced by 151.5/month and 285/month, respectively, for March to June 2020 compared to 2018–2019 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001). DOT per 1,000 BDOC was increased (8.1/month; P...
Epidemiology and SurveillanceIn Vitro Activity and Potency of the Novel Oxazolidinone Contezolid (MRX-I) Tested against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates from the United States and EuropeContezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibacterial agent currently in development for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections, was susceptibility tested against Gram-positive clinical isolates (n = 1,211). Contezolid demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 mg/liter), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus...