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antibiotics

  • A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed Meninges
    Clinical Therapeutics
    A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed Meninges

    Ventriculostomy-associated infections in critically ill patients remain therapeutically challenging because of drug- and disease-related factors that contribute to suboptimal antibiotic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Optimal antibiotic dosing for the treatment and prevention of such infections should be based on robust and contextually specific pharmacokinetic data. The objects of this study were to describe and critically...

    Nilesh Kumta, Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman, Wai Tat Wong, Gavin M. Joynt, Menino Osbert Cotta
  • Optimization of an Assay To Determine Colonization Resistance to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> in Fecal Samples from Healthy Subjects and Those Treated with Antibiotics
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Optimization of an Assay To Determine Colonization Resistance to Clostridioides difficile in Fecal Samples from Healthy Subjects and Those Treated with Antibiotics

    A healthy, intact gut microbiota is often resistant to colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens. During periods of dysbiosis, however, organisms such as Clostridioides difficile can thrive. We describe an optimized in vitro colonization resistance assay for C. difficile in stool (CRACS)...

    Hannah C. Harris, Emma L. Best, Charmaine Normington, Nathalie Saint-Lu, Frédérique Sablier-Gallis, Jean de Gunzburg, Antoine Andremont, Mark H. Wilcox, Caroline H. Chilton
  • Patients with Erythema Migrans: Characterizing the Impact of Initiation of Antibiotic Therapy Prior to Study Enrollment
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Patients with Erythema Migrans: Characterizing the Impact of Initiation of Antibiotic Therapy Prior to Study Enrollment

    Erythema migrans is the most common clinical manifestation of Lyme disease, with concomitant subjective symptoms occurring in ∼65% of cases in the United States. We evaluated the impact of having been started on antibiotic treatment before study enrollment on 12 particular symptoms for 38 subjects with erythema migrans versus 52 untreated subjects. There were no significant differences in the frequency of having at least one symptom or...

    Gary P. Wormser, Donna McKenna, Eliana Jacobson, Elayna M. Shanker, Keith D. Shaffer, Carol Scavarda, Paul Visintainer
  • FDA Public Workshop Summary: Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug Development
    Editor's Pick Meeting Review
    FDA Public Workshop Summary: Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug Development

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a public workshop entitled “Advancing Animal Models for Antibacterial Drug Development” on 5 March 2020. The workshop mainly focused on models of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The program included...

    James M. Byrne, Ursula Waack, Edward A. Weinstein, Abhay Joshi, Simone M. Shurland, Dmitri Iarikov, Jürgen B. Bulitta, Binh An Diep, Tina Guina, William W. Hope, Matthew B. Lawrenz, Alexander J. Lepak, Brian M. Luna, Lynn Miesel, Andrew J. Phipps, Thomas J. Walsh, William Weiss, Thushi Amini, John J. Farley
  • A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Continuous Infusion of Cloxacillin during <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Bone and Joint Infections
    Clinical Therapeutics
    A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Continuous Infusion of Cloxacillin during Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infections

    Intravenous administration of antibiotics is recommended during the early phase of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) bone and joint infection (BJI). We sought to compare the plasma concentrations of cloxacillin administered alternately by continuous and intermittent infusion (CI and ItI) in patients with MSSA BJI. In this prospective crossover trial, patients...

    Johan Courjon, Margaux Garzaro, Pierre-Marie Roger, Raymond Ruimy, Thibaud Lavrut, Mikaël Chelli, Jean-Luc Raynier, David Chirio, Elisa Demonchy, Laura Cabane, François Jehl, Christophe Trojani, Antoine Grillon, Sylvain Goutelle
  • Free
    Antibiotic Consumption and Stewardship at a Hospital outside of an Early Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epicenter
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Antibiotic Consumption and Stewardship at a Hospital outside of an Early Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epicenter

    There are scant data on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital antibiotic consumption, and no data from outside epicenters. At our nonepicenter hospital, antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) and bed days of care (BDOC) were reduced by 151.5/month and 285/month, respectively, for March to June 2020 compared to 2018–2019 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001). DOT per 1,000 BDOC was increased (8.1/month; P...

    Deanna J. Buehrle, Brooke K. Decker, Marilyn M. Wagener, Amesh Adalja, Nina Singh, Mary C. McEllistrem, M. Hong Nguyen, Cornelius J. Clancy
  • <em>In Vitro</em> Activity and Potency of the Novel Oxazolidinone Contezolid (MRX-I) Tested against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates from the United States and Europe
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    In Vitro Activity and Potency of the Novel Oxazolidinone Contezolid (MRX-I) Tested against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates from the United States and Europe

    Contezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibacterial agent currently in development for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections, was susceptibility tested against Gram-positive clinical isolates (n = 1,211). Contezolid demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 mg/liter), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus...

    Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, Leonard R. Duncan, Wen Wang, Helio S. Sader
  • A Roadblock-and-Kill Mechanism of Action Model for the DNA-Targeting Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    A Roadblock-and-Kill Mechanism of Action Model for the DNA-Targeting Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin

    Fluoroquinolones, antibiotics that cause DNA damage by inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, are clinically important, but their mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In particular, the dynamical response of bacterial cells to fluoroquinolone exposure has hardly been investigated, although the SOS response, triggered by DNA damage, is often thought to play a key role. Here, we investigated the growth inhibition of the bacterium...

    Nikola Ojkic, Elin Lilja, Susana Direito, Angela Dawson, Rosalind J. Allen, Bartlomiej Waclaw
  • Open Access
    Insights into the <span class="sc">l</span>,<span class="sc">d</span>-Transpeptidases and <span class="sc">d</span>,<span class="sc">d</span>-Carboxypeptidase of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium abscessus</span>: Ceftaroline, Imipenem, and Novel Diazabicyclooctane Inhibitors
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Insights into the l,d-Transpeptidases and d,d-Carboxypeptidase of Mycobacterium abscessus: Ceftaroline, Imipenem, and Novel Diazabicyclooctane Inhibitors

    Mycobacterium abscessus is a highly drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Efforts to discover new treatments for M. abscessus infections are accelerating, with a focus on cell wall synthesis proteins (M. abscessus...

    Khalid M. Dousa, Sebastian G. Kurz, Magdalena A. Taracila, Tracey Bonfield, Christopher R. Bethel, Melissa D. Barnes, Suresh Selvaraju, Ayman M. Abdelhamed, Barry N. Kreiswirth, W. Henry Boom, Shannon H. Kasperbauer, Charles L. Daley, Robert A. Bonomo
  • Open Access
    Using Genetic Distance from Archived Samples for the Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Escherichia coli</em>
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Using Genetic Distance from Archived Samples for the Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli

    The rising rates of antibiotic resistance increasingly compromise empirical treatment. Knowing the antibiotic susceptibility of a pathogen’s close genetic relative(s) may improve empirical antibiotic selection. Using genomic and phenotypic data for Escherichia coli isolates from three separate clinically derived databases, we evaluated multiple genomic methods and...

    Derek R. MacFadden, Bryan Coburn, Karel Břinda, Antoine Corbeil, Nick Daneman, David Fisman, Robyn S. Lee, Marc Lipsitch, Allison McGeer, Roberto G. Melano, Samira Mubareka, William P. Hanage

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