antibiotics
PharmacologyHigh-Dose Ceftriaxone for Bacterial Meningitis and Optimization of Administration Scheme Based on NomogramHigh dosages of ceftriaxone are used to treat central nervous system (CNS) infections. Dosage adaptation according to the glomerular filtration rate is currently not recommended. Ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics (PK) was investigated by a population approach in patients enrolled in a French multicenter prospective cohort study who received high-dose ceftriaxone for CNS infection as recommended by French guidelines (75 to 100 mg/kg of body...
Editor's Pick CommentaryWildlife Is Overlooked in the Epidemiology of Medically Important Antibiotic-Resistant BacteriaWild animals foraging in the human-influenced environment are colonized by bacteria with clinically important antibiotic resistance. The occurrence of such bacteria in wildlife is influenced by various biological, ecological, and geographical factors which have not yet been fully understood.
Clinical TherapeuticsModified Mouse Model of Clostridioides difficile Infection as a Platform for Probiotic Efficacy StudiesProbiotics may represent a promising approach for reducing Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infections (CDIs). A clinical trial conducted by our group demonstrated that CDI patients undergoing adjunctive treatment with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics had a reduction in diarrheal duration and compositional changes in their stool microbiomes.
PharmacologyActivity of Antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Model of Biofilms in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis: Influence of the Culture MediumStaphylococcus aureus is a highly prevalent pathogen in the respiratory tract of young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes biofilm-related infections. Here, we set up an in vitro model of a biofilm grown in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with glucose and NaCl (TGN) or in artificial sputum medium (ASM) and used it to evaluate on a pharmacodynamic...
Editor's Pick CommentaryMildred Rebstock: Profile of the Medicinal Chemist Who Synthesized ChloramphenicolThis year marks the 70th anniversary since Parke-Davis and Company announced the synthesis of chloramphenicol, the first naturally occurring antibiotic to be chemically generated in vitro for large-scale production. The effort was led by the chemist Mildred Rebstock, Ph.D., (1919 to 2011), who would turn 100 years old this year.
Analytical ProceduresCandida in the Respiratory Tract Potentially Triggers Galactomannan Positivity in Nonhematological PatientsBAL fluid samples from critically ill patients shared a rate of 29% false-positive galactomannan results. We aimed to determine whether Candida species abundance in BAL fluid causes galactomannan (GM) positivity.
PharmacologyExternal Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Large Cohorts of Intensive Care Unit PatientsDosing of vancomycin is often guided by therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in the intensive care unit (ICU). The validity of these models is crucial, as ICU patients have marked pharmacokinetic variability.
SusceptibilitySelect β-Lactam Combinations Exhibit Synergy against Mycobacterium abscessus In VitroMycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes invasive pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung disease. M. abscessus is intrinsically resistant to several classes of antibiotics, and an increasing number of strains isolated from patients exhibit resistance to...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsInhibition of Protein Secretion in Escherichia coli and Sub-MIC Effects of Arylomycin AntibioticsAt sufficient concentrations, antibiotics effectively eradicate many bacterial infections. However, during therapy, bacteria are unavoidably exposed to lower antibiotic concentrations, and sub-MIC exposure can result in a wide variety of other effects, including the induction of virulence, which can complicate therapy, or horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which can accelerate the spread of resistance genes.
Clinical TherapeuticsAntibiotics Stimulate Formation of Vesicles in Staphylococcus aureus in both Phage-Dependent and -Independent Fashions and via Different RoutesBacterial membrane vesicle research has so far focused mainly on Gram-negative bacteria. Only recently have Gram-positive bacteria been demonstrated to produce and release extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) that contribute to bacterial virulence.