antimicrobial activity
Mechanisms of ResistanceTetracycline Resistance Mediated by tet(M) Has Variable Integrative Conjugative Element Composition in Mycoplasma hominis Strains Isolated in the United Kingdom from 2005 to 2015A minimal genome and absent bacterial cell wall render Mycoplasma hominis inherently resistant to most antimicrobials except lincosamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Often dismissed as a commensal (except where linked to preterm birth), it causes septic arthritis in immunodeficient patients and is increasingly associated with transplant failure (particularly...
SusceptibilityHeterologous Expression of ethA and katG in Mycobacterium marinum Enables the Rapid Identification of New Prodrugs Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosisScreening strategies for antituberculosis compounds using Mycobacterium tuberculosis are time consuming and require biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facilities, which makes the development of high-throughput assays difficult and expensive. Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of...
SusceptibilityIn Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol, a Siderophore Cephalosporin, against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative BacteriaCefiderocol is a parenteral siderophore cephalosporin with a catechol-containing 3′ substituent. We evaluated its MICs against Gram-negative bacteria, using iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth. The panel comprised 305 isolates of Enterobacterales, 111 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 99 of ...
Editor's Pick Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsNovel Peptide from Commensal Staphylococcus simulans Blocks Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quorum Sensing and Protects Host Skin from DamageRecent studies highlight the abundance of commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) on healthy skin. Evidence suggests that CoNS actively shape the skin immunological and microbial milieu to resist colonization or infection by opportunistic pathogens, including methicillin-resistant...
SusceptibilityInvestigating the Effects of Osmolytes and Environmental pH on Bacterial PersistersBacterial persisters are phenotypic variants that temporarily demonstrate an extraordinary tolerance toward antibiotics. Persisters have been linked to the recalcitrance of biofilm-related infections; hence, a complete understanding of their physiology can lead to improvement of therapeutic strategies for such infections. Mechanisms pertaining to persister formation are thought to be associated with stress response pathways triggered by...
Experimental TherapeuticsAntimicrobial Activity of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) against the Most Common Causes of Infective EndocarditisExebacase, a recombinantly produced lysin (cell wall hydrolase), and comparator antibiotics were tested by the broth microdilution method against strain sets of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp., which are the most common causes of infective endocarditis in humans. Exebacase was active against all Staphylococcus spp. tested, including S. aureus...
Experimental TherapeuticsEfficacy of Aerosolized Rifaximin versus Tobramycin for Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia in MicePseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can cause chronic lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The current preferred treatment for CF lung infections includes inhaled tobramycin (TOB); however, studies suggest TOB cannot effectively inhibit biofilm formation.
Mechanisms of ResistanceIn Vitro Activity of a Novel Glycopolymer against Biofilms of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Cystic Fibrosis Clinical IsolatesBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often associated with a steady decline in lung function and death. The formation of biofilms and inherent multidrug resistance are virulence factors associated with Bcc infection and contribute to increased risk of mortality in CF patients.
Experimental TherapeuticsIdentifying Vancomycin as an Effective Antibiotic for Killing Borrelia burgdorferiBorrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis. Antibiotic therapy of early acute infection is effective for most patients, but 10 to 20% go on to develop posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).