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antiviral

  • <em>In Vitro</em> Characterization of the Carbohydrate-Binding Agents HHA, GNA, and UDA as Inhibitors of Influenza A and B Virus Replication
    Antiviral Agents
    In Vitro Characterization of the Carbohydrate-Binding Agents HHA, GNA, and UDA as Inhibitors of Influenza A and B Virus Replication

    Here, we report on the anti-influenza virus activity of the mannose-binding agents Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA). These carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) strongly inhibited various influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2...

    Evelien Vanderlinden, Nathalie Van Winkel, Lieve Naesens, Els J. M. Van Damme, Leentje Persoons, Dominique Schols
  • Free
    New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Remdesivir Treatment for COVID-19
    Editor's Pick Perspective
    New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Remdesivir Treatment for COVID-19

    Remdesivir was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir is the prodrug of an adenosine analogue that inhibits viral replication of several RNA virus families, including Coronaviridae. Preclinical data in animal models of coronavirus diseases, including COVID-19, have demonstrated that early treatment with remdesivir...

    Muneerah M. Aleissa, Emily A. Silverman, Luisa M. Paredes Acosta, Cameron T. Nutt, Aaron Richterman, Francisco M. Marty
  • Filociclovir Is a Potent <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em> Inhibitor of Human Adenoviruses
    Antiviral Agents
    Filociclovir Is a Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitor of Human Adenoviruses

    Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection is common in the general population and can cause a range of clinical manifestations, among which pneumonia and keratoconjunctivitis are the most common. Although HAdV infections are mostly self-limiting, infections in immunocompromised individuals can be severe. No antiviral drug has been approved for treating adenoviruses. Filociclovir (FCV) is a nucleoside analogue which has successfully completed...

    Karoly Toth, Islam T. M. Hussein, Ann E. Tollefson, Baoling Ying, Jacqueline F. Spencer, Jessica Eagar, Scott H. James, Mark N. Prichard, William S. M. Wold, Terry L. Bowlin
  • The Clinically Approved Antifungal Drug Posaconazole Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus Replication
    Antiviral Agents
    The Clinically Approved Antifungal Drug Posaconazole Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus Replication

    Posaconazole (PCZ) is a clinically approved drug used predominantly for prophylaxis and salvage therapy of fungal infections. Here, we report its previously undescribed anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity. By using antiviral assays, we demonstrated that PCZ, along with other azolic antifungals, has a broad anti-HCMV activity, being active against different strains, including low-passage-number clinical isolates and strains...

    Beatrice Mercorelli, Anna Luganini, Marta Celegato, Giorgio Palù, Giorgio Gribaudo, Galina I. Lepesheva, Arianna Loregian
  • Free
    Atazanavir, Alone or in Combination with Ritonavir, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production
    Antiviral Agents
    Atazanavir, Alone or in Combination with Ritonavir, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is already responsible for far more deaths than previous pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) from 2002 and 2012. The identification of clinically approved drugs to be repurposed to combat 2019 CoV disease (COVID-19) would allow the rapid implementation of potentially life-saving procedures. The major protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered a promising target, based on previous...

    Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Carlyle Ribeiro Lima, Franklin Souza da Silva, André C. Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Caroline S. de Freitas, Vinicius Cardoso Soares, Suelen da Silva Gomes Dias, Jairo R. Temerozo, Milene D. Miranda, Aline R. Matos, Fernando A. Bozza, Nicolas Carels, Carlos Roberto Alves, Marilda M. Siqueira, Patrícia T. Bozza, Thiago Moreno L. Souza
  • Identification of Estrogen Receptor Modulators as Inhibitors of Flavivirus Infection
    Antiviral Agents
    Identification of Estrogen Receptor Modulators as Inhibitors of Flavivirus Infection

    Flaviviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are major global pathogens for which safe and effective antiviral therapies are not currently available. To identify antiviral small molecules with well-characterized safety and bioavailability profiles, we screened a library of 2,907 approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds for inhibitors of ZIKV infection using a high-throughput cell-...

    Nicholas S. Eyre, Emily N. Kirby, Daniel R. Anfiteatro, Gustavo Bracho, Alice G. Russo, Peter A. White, Amanda L. Aloia, Michael R. Beard
  • Free
    Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by the Cyclophilin Inhibitor Alisporivir (Debio 025)
    Antiviral Agents
    Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by the Cyclophilin Inhibitor Alisporivir (Debio 025)

    Cyclophilins play a key role in the life cycle of coronaviruses. Alisporivir (Debio 025) is a nonimmunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporine with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties. Alisporivir reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA production in a dose-dependent manner in Vero E6 cells, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.46 ± 0.04 μM. Alisporivir inhibited a postentry step of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. These results justify...

    Laurent Softic, Rozenn Brillet, François Berry, Nazim Ahnou, Quentin Nevers, Margot Morin-Dewaele, Sabah Hamadat, Patrice Bruscella, Slim Fourati, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Abdelhakim Ahmed-Belkacem
  • Development of Novel Anti-influenza Thiazolides with Relatively Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Potentials
    Antiviral Agents
    Development of Novel Anti-influenza Thiazolides with Relatively Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Potentials

    Seasonal and pandemic influenza causes 650,000 deaths annually in the world. The emergence of drug resistance to specific anti-influenza virus drugs such as oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil highlights the urgency of novel anti-influenza chemical entity discovery. In this study, we report a series of novel thiazolides derived from an FDA-approved drug, nitazoxanide, with antiviral activity against influenza and a broad range of viruses...

    Lei Zhao, Yunzheng Yan, Qingsong Dai, Xingzhou Li, Ke Xu, Gang Zou, Keyu Yang, Wei Li, Xiaojia Guo, Jingjing Yang, Yuexiang Li, Qing Xia, Ruiyuan Cao, Wu Zhong
  • Open Access
    A Novel Inhaled Dry-Powder Formulation of Ribavirin Allows for Efficient Lung Delivery in Healthy Participants and Those with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Phase 1 Study
    Antiviral Agents
    A Novel Inhaled Dry-Powder Formulation of Ribavirin Allows for Efficient Lung Delivery in Healthy Participants and Those with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Phase 1 Study

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung condition, causing progressive decline in lung function leading to premature death. Acute exacerbations in COPD patients are predominantly associated with respiratory viruses. Ribavirin is a generic broad-spectrum antiviral agent that could be used for treatment of viral respiratory infections in COPD. Using the Particle Replication In Nonwetting Templates (PRINT)...

    Etienne F. Dumont, Amanda J. Oliver, Chris Ioannou, Julia Billiard, Jeremy Dennison, Frans van den Berg, Shuying Yang, Vijayalakshmi Chandrasekaran, Graeme C. Young, Anirban Lahiry, David C. Starbuck, Andrew W. Harrell, Alex Georgiou, Nathalie Hopchet, Andy Gillies, Stephen J. Baker
  • Free
    Tilorone, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Emerging Viruses
    Antiviral Agents
    Tilorone, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Emerging Viruses

    Tilorone is a 50-year-old synthetic small-molecule compound with antiviral activity that is proposed to induce interferon after oral administration. This drug is used as a broad-spectrum antiviral in several countries of the Russian Federation. We have recently described activity in vitro and in vivo against the Ebola virus. After a broad screening of additional viruses, we now describe in vitro activity...

    Sean Ekins, Peter B. Madrid

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