avibactam
Mechanisms of ResistanceCeftazidime-Avibactam Resistance Mediated by the N346Y Substitution in Various AmpC β-LactamasesChromosomal and plasmid-borne AmpC cephalosporinases are a major resistance mechanism to β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The new β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam effectively inhibits class C enzymes and can fully restore ceftazidime susceptibility. The conserved amino acid residue Asn346 of AmpC cephalosporinases directly...
Mechanisms of ResistanceCeftazidime-Avibactam Resistance Associated with Increased blaKPC-3 Gene Copy Number Mediated by pKpQIL Plasmid Derivatives in Sequence Type 258 Klebsiella pneumoniaeThis study reports on the characterization of two ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA)-resistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (KP-14159 and KP-8788) sequentially isolated from infections occurred in a patient never treated with CZA. Whole-genome sequencing characterization using a combined short- and long-read sequencing approach showed that both isolates...
Mechanisms of Resistanceβ-Lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shows Dynamics in the Active Site That Increase upon Inhibitor BindingThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-lactamase BlaC is a broad-spectrum β-lactamase that can convert a range of β-lactam antibiotics. Enzymes with low specificity are expected to exhibit active-site flexibility. To probe the motions in BlaC, we studied the dynamic behavior in solution using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 15N relaxation...
Editor's Pick Mechanisms of ResistanceInhibition Activity of Avibactam against Nocardia farcinica β-Lactamase FARIFM10152Nocardia farcinica, one of the most frequent pathogenic species responsible for nocardiosis, is characterized by frequent brain involvement and resistance to β-lactams mediated by a class A β-lactamase. Kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of various β-lactams by FARIFM10152 from strain IFM 10152 were determined by spectrophotometry revealing a high catalytic...
Mechanisms of ResistanceMolecular Basis of Class A β-Lactamase Inhibition by Relebactamβ-Lactamase production is the major β-lactam resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. β-Lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) efficacious against serine β-lactamase (SBL) producers, especially strains carrying the widely disseminated class A enzymes, are required. Relebactam, a diazabicyclooctane (DBO) BLI, is in phase 3 clinical trials in combination with imipenem for the treatment of infections by multidrug-resistant...
Mechanisms of ResistancePatient-to-Patient Transmission of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Variants with Reduced Ceftazidime-Avibactam SusceptibilityWe report patient-to-patient transmission of Enterobacter hormaechei isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam due to production of KPC-40, a variant of KPC-3 with a two-amino-acid insertion in the Ω-loop region (L167_E168dup). The index patient had received a prolonged course of ceftazidime-avibactam therapy, whereas the second patient had not...
SusceptibilitySelect β-Lactam Combinations Exhibit Synergy against Mycobacterium abscessus In VitroMycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes invasive pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung disease. M. abscessus is intrinsically resistant to several classes of antibiotics, and an increasing number of strains isolated from patients exhibit resistance to...
Mechanisms of ResistanceMolecular Basis for the Potent Inhibition of the Emerging Carbapenemase VCC-1 by AvibactamIn 2016, we identified a new class A carbapenemase, VCC-1, in a nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae strain that had been isolated from retail shrimp imported into Canada for human consumption. Shortly thereafter, seven additional VCC-1-producing V. cholerae isolates were recovered along the German...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsIn Vitro and Intracellular Activity of Imipenem Combined with Tedizolid, Rifabutin, and Avibactam against Mycobacterium abscessusMycobacterium abscessus infections are difficult to treat because of their resistance to many antibiotics. In vitro, tedizolid combined with imipenem displayed a moderate synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.41) but no bactericidal activity.
Mechanisms of ResistanceMutation-Driven Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of either Ceftazidime or Ceftazidime-AvibactamCeftazidime-avibactam is a combination of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, the use of which is restricted to some clinical cases, including cystic fibrosis patients infected with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in which mutation is the main driver of resistance. This study aims to predict the mechanisms of mutation-driven resistance that are selected for...