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azole

  • Evaluation of Two Commercial Broth Microdilution Methods Using Different Interpretive Criteria for the Detection of Molecular Mechanisms of Acquired Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Four Common <em>Candida</em> Species
    Susceptibility
    Evaluation of Two Commercial Broth Microdilution Methods Using Different Interpretive Criteria for the Detection of Molecular Mechanisms of Acquired Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Four Common Candida Species

    The abilities of the new Vitek 2 AST-YS08 (YS08) and Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) systems to detect the resistances of Candida isolates to azoles and echinocandins were evaluated. In total, 292 isolates, including 28 Candida albicans (6 Erg11 and 2 Fks mutants), 57 Candida parapsilosis (26...

    Ha Jin Lim, Jong Hee Shin, Mi-Na Kim, Dongeun Yong, Seung A. Byun, Min Ji Choi, Seung Yeob Lee, Eun Jeong Won, Seung-Jung Kee, Soo Hyun Kim, Myung-Geun Shin
  • Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Yeast Isolates from a Large Canadian Reference Laboratory and Application of Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis To Elucidate Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Yeast Isolates from a Large Canadian Reference Laboratory and Application of Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis To Elucidate Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance

    To understand the epidemiology and susceptibility patterns of yeast infections in Ontario, Canada, we examined 4,715 clinical yeast isolates submitted to our laboratory for antifungal susceptibility testing from 2014 to 2018. Candida albicans was the most frequently submitted species (43.0%), followed by C...

    Lisa R. McTaggart, Ana Cabrera, Kirby Cronin, Julianne V. Kus
  • A Novel Combination of <em>CYP51A</em> Mutations Confers Pan-Azole Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>
    Editor's Pick Mechanisms of Resistance
    A Novel Combination of CYP51A Mutations Confers Pan-Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

    The treatment of invasive and chronic aspergillosis involves triazole drugs. Its intensive use has resulted in the selection of resistant isolates, and at present, azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is considered an emerging threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this work is to uncover the molecular mechanism implicated in the azole resistance phenotype...

    Daiana Macedo, Tomás Brito Devoto, Santiago Pola, Jorge L. Finquelievich, María L. Cuestas, Guillermo Garcia-Effron
  • <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em> Study on the Synergistic Effect of Minocycline and Azoles against Pathogenic Fungi
    Susceptibility
    In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Synergistic Effect of Minocycline and Azoles against Pathogenic Fungi

    In vitro and in vivo interactions of minocycline and azoles, including itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, against filamentous pathogenic fungi were investigated. A total of 56 clinical isolates were studied in vitro via broth microdilution checkerboard technique, including 20 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, 7 strains of...

    Lujuan Gao, Yi Sun, Mingzhu Yuan, Ming Li, Tongxiang Zeng
  • Pyomelanin Secretion in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Madurella mycetomatis</span> Interferes with Spectrophotometric Endpoint Reading Using the Sensititre YeastOne alamarBlue Assay but Not with Visual Endpoint Reading
    Susceptibility
    Pyomelanin Secretion in Madurella mycetomatis Interferes with Spectrophotometric Endpoint Reading Using the Sensititre YeastOne alamarBlue Assay but Not with Visual Endpoint Reading

    The use of the Sensititre YeastOne YO10 alamarBlue assay for the in vitro susceptibility testing of Madurella mycetomatis was evaluated in M. mycetomatis isolates with and without pyomelanin secretion. Pyomelanin secretion did not influence visual endpoint reading; however, it caused a shift in peak absorbance from 570 nm to 620 nm when read...

    B. Nyuykonge, P. D. Croughs, A. H. Fahal, A. Verbon, W. W. J. van de Sande
  • Therapeutic Challenges of Non-<em>Aspergillus</em> Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients
    Editor's Pick Minireview
    Therapeutic Challenges of Non-Aspergillus Invasive Mold Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients

    While Aspergillus spp. remain the major cause of invasive mold infections in hematologic cancer patients and transplant recipients, other opportunistic molds, such as Mucorales, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. are increasingly encountered in an expanding population of patients with severe and prolonged immunosuppression. High potential for tissue invasion and dissemination, resistance to multiple...

    Frederic Lamoth, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
  • Open Access
    The Evolution of Azole Resistance in <em>Candida albicans</em> Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) through Incremental Amino Acid Substitutions
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    The Evolution of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) through Incremental Amino Acid Substitutions

    Recombinant Candida albicans CYP51 (CaCYP51) proteins containing 23 single and 5 double amino acid substitutions found in clinical strains and the wild-type enzyme were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose chromatography. Catalytic tolerance to...

    Andrew G. Warrilow, Andrew T. Nishimoto, Josie E. Parker, Claire L. Price, Stephanie A. Flowers, Diane E. Kelly, P. David Rogers, Steven L. Kelly
  • Vacuolar Sequestration of Azoles, a Novel Strategy of Azole Antifungal Resistance Conserved across Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Yeast
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Vacuolar Sequestration of Azoles, a Novel Strategy of Azole Antifungal Resistance Conserved across Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Yeast

    Target alteration and overproduction and drug efflux through overexpression of multidrug transporters localized in the plasma membrane represent the conventional mechanisms of azole antifungal resistance. Here, we identify a novel conserved mechanism of azole resistance not only in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but also in the pathogenic yeast...

    Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Mohd Wasi, Remya Nair, Meghna Gupta, Mohit Kumar, Alok K. Mondal, Naseem A. Gaur, Rajendra Prasad
  • Rapid Detection of <em>ERG11</em>-Associated Azole Resistance and <em>FKS</em>-Associated Echinocandin Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Rapid Detection of ERG11-Associated Azole Resistance and FKS-Associated Echinocandin Resistance in Candida auris

    Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that can cause serious invasive infections. The accurate and rapid assessment of antifungal resistance is important for effective patient management.

    Xin Hou, Annie Lee, Cristina Jiménez-Ortigosa, Milena Kordalewska, David S. Perlin, Yanan Zhao
  • First Clinical Isolation of an Azole-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> Isolate Harboring a TR46 Y121F T289A Mutation in South America
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    First Clinical Isolation of an Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolate Harboring a TR46 Y121F T289A Mutation in South America

    One of the most recently described Aspergillus fumigatus CYP51A-mediated azole resistance mechanisms is TR46 Y121F T289A. Clinical A. fumigatus strains harboring these substitutions have been reported worldwide, with the exception of South America.

    Guillermina Isla, Florencia Leonardelli, Iris N. Tiraboschi, Nicolás Refojo, Alejandra Hevia, Walter Vivot, Wanda Szusz, Susana B. Córdoba, Guillermo García-Effron

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