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efflux pumps

  • Novel Mechanisms of Efflux-Mediated Levofloxacin Resistance and Reduced Amikacin Susceptibility in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Novel Mechanisms of Efflux-Mediated Levofloxacin Resistance and Reduced Amikacin Susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

    Fluoroquinolone resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is multifactorial, but the most significant factor is overproduction of efflux pumps, particularly SmeDEF, following mutation. Here, we report that mutations in the glycosyl transferase gene smlt0622 in S. maltophilia K279a mutant K...

    Punyawee Dulyayangkul, Karina Calvopiña, Kate J. Heesom, Matthew B. Avison
  • Antibiotic Substrate Selectivity of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> MexY and MexB Efflux Systems Is Determined by a Goldilocks Affinity
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Antibiotic Substrate Selectivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexY and MexB Efflux Systems Is Determined by a Goldilocks Affinity

    Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps are important contributors to bacterial antibiotic resistance. In this study, we combined evolutionary sequence analyses, computational structural modeling, and ligand docking to develop a framework that can explain the known antibiotic substrate selectivity differences between two Pseudomonas aeruginosa RND...

    Debayan Dey, Logan G. Kavanaugh, Graeme L. Conn
  • Thioridazine Is an Efflux Pump Inhibitor in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium avium</span> Complex but of Limited Clinical Relevance
    Susceptibility
    Thioridazine Is an Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Mycobacterium avium Complex but of Limited Clinical Relevance

    Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is challenging partly due to high efflux pump expression. Thioridazine might block these efflux pumps. We explore the efficacy of thioridazine against M. avium isolates using MICs, time-kill combination assays, ex vivo...

    Mike Marvin Ruth, Lian J. Pennings, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, Jodie A. Schildkraut, Aria Hashemi, Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Wouter Hoefsloot, Jakko van Ingen
  • Possible Binding of Piperine in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> RNA Polymerase and Rifampin Synergism
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    Possible Binding of Piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase and Rifampin Synergism

    The activity of rifampin (RIF) and piperine was evaluated at the relative transcript levels of 12 efflux pumps (EPs), and an additional mechanism was proposed to be behind the synergic interactions of piperine plus RIF in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AutoDock v4.2.3 and Molegro v6 programs were used to evaluate PIP binding in...

    Letícia Sayuri Murase, João Vítor Perez de Souza, Jean Eduardo Meneguello, Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas, Laíse Adriane Hegeto, Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro, Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira, Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi Ferracioli, Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
  • Cinnamaldehyde Induces Expression of Efflux Pumps and Multidrug Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Cinnamaldehyde Induces Expression of Efflux Pumps and Multidrug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Essential oils or their components are increasingly used to fight bacterial infections. Cinnamaldehyde (CNA), the main constituent of cinnamon bark oil, has demonstrated interesting properties in vitro against various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms and possible therapeutic consequences of...

    Alexandre Tetard, Andy Zedet, Corine Girard, Patrick Plésiat, Catherine Llanes
  • The TetR Family Transcription Factor MAB_2299c Regulates the Expression of Two Distinct MmpS-MmpL Efflux Pumps Involved in Cross-Resistance to Clofazimine and Bedaquiline in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium abscessus</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    The TetR Family Transcription Factor MAB_2299c Regulates the Expression of Two Distinct MmpS-MmpL Efflux Pumps Involved in Cross-Resistance to Clofazimine and Bedaquiline in Mycobacterium abscessus

    Mycobacterium abscessus is a human pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections, particularly in patients with underlying lung disorders. Notorious for being highly resistant to most antimicrobials, new therapeutic approaches are needed to successfully treat M. abscessus-infected patients...

    Ana Victoria Gutiérrez, Matthias Richard, Françoise Roquet-Banères, Albertus Viljoen, Laurent Kremer
  • Abrogation of Triazole Resistance upon Deletion of <em>CDR1</em> in a Clinical Isolate of <em>Candida auris</em>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Abrogation of Triazole Resistance upon Deletion of CDR1 in a Clinical Isolate of Candida auris

    Candida auris has rapidly emerged as a health care-associated and multidrug-resistant pathogen of global concern. In this work, we examined the relative expression of the four C. auris genes with the highest degree of homology to Candida...

    Jeffrey M. Rybak, Laura A. Doorley, Andrew T. Nishimoto, Katherine S. Barker, Glen E. Palmer, P. David Rogers
  • High Prevalence of Bedaquiline Resistance in Treatment-Naive Tuberculosis Patients and Verapamil Effectiveness
    Susceptibility
    High Prevalence of Bedaquiline Resistance in Treatment-Naive Tuberculosis Patients and Verapamil Effectiveness

    In the regions where bedaquiline (BDQ) is introduced into the regimen, analysis of MIC and screening for preexisting resistance mutations could be crucial. The high prevalence of isolates with high BDQ MICs without prior exposure to BDQ was worrisome.

    Hasan Ghajavand, Mansour Kargarpour Kamakoli, Sharareh Khanipour, Shahin Pourazar Dizaji, Morteza Masoumi, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat, Farzam Vaziri
  • Roles of Efflux Pumps from Different Superfamilies in the Surface-Associated Motility and Virulence of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> ATCC 17978
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Roles of Efflux Pumps from Different Superfamilies in the Surface-Associated Motility and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978

    Although the relationship between Acinetobacter baumannii efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance is well documented, less is known about the involvement of these proteins in the pathogenicity of this nosocomial pathogen. In previous work, we identified the AbaQ major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump and demonstrated its participation in the motility and...

    María Pérez-Varela, Jordi Corral, Jesús Aranda, Jordi Barbé
  • Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression

    Efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. Correspondingly, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may reverse this resistance.

    Srijan Ranjitkar, Adriana K. Jones, Mina Mostafavi, Zachary Zwirko, Oleg Iartchouk, S. Whitney Barnes, John R. Walker, Thomas W. Willis, Patrick S. Lee, Charles R. Dean

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