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efflux pumps

  • Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression

    Efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. Correspondingly, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may reverse this resistance.

    Srijan Ranjitkar, Adriana K. Jones, Mina Mostafavi, Zachary Zwirko, Oleg Iartchouk, S. Whitney Barnes, John R. Walker, Thomas W. Willis, Patrick S. Lee, Charles R. Dean
  • Mutations in the MAB_2299c TetR Regulator Confer Cross-Resistance to Clofazimine and Bedaquiline in <em>Mycobacterium abscessus</em>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Mutations in the MAB_2299c TetR Regulator Confer Cross-Resistance to Clofazimine and Bedaquiline in Mycobacterium abscessus

    New therapeutic approaches are needed against Mycobacterium abscessus, a respiratory mycobacterial pathogen that evades efforts to successfully treat infected patients. Clofazimine and bedaquiline, two drugs used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, are being considered as alternatives for the treatment of lung diseases caused by...

    Matthias Richard, Ana Victoria Gutiérrez, Albertus Viljoen, Daniela Rodriguez-Rincon, Françoise Roquet-Baneres, Mickael Blaise, Isobel Everall, Julian Parkhill, R. Andres Floto, Laurent Kremer
  • Expression of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Antibiotic Resistance Genes Varies Greatly during Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Resistance Genes Varies Greatly during Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

    The lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) become chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is difficult to eradicate by antibiotic treatment. Two key P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance mechanisms are the AmpC β-lactamase that degrades β-lactam antibiotics and MexXYOprM, a three...

    Lois W. Martin, Cynthia L. Robson, Annabelle M. Watts, Andrew R. Gray, Claire E. Wainwright, Scott C. Bell, Kay A. Ramsay, Timothy J. Kidd, David W. Reid, Ben Brockway, Iain L. Lamont
  • Magnitude of Voriconazole Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus flavus</span> and Investigation into the Role of Multidrug Efflux Pumps
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Magnitude of Voriconazole Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Investigation into the Role of Multidrug Efflux Pumps

    The magnitude of azole resistance in Aspergillus flavus and its underlying mechanism is obscure. We evaluated the frequency of azole resistance in a collection of clinical (n = 121) and environmental isolates (n = 68) of A. flavus by the broth microdilution method.

    ...
    Raees A. Paul, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Pankaj Singh, Anup K. Ghosh, Harsimran Kaur, Subhash Varma, Ritesh Agarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
  • Biolog Phenotype Microarray Is a Tool for the Identification of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump Inducers
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Biolog Phenotype Microarray Is a Tool for the Identification of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump Inducers

    Multidrug resistance efflux pumps frequently present low levels of basal expression. However, antibiotic-resistant mutants that overexpress these resistance determinants are selected during infection.

    P. Blanco, F. Corona, J. L. Martínez
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    Functional Characterization of AbaQ, a Novel Efflux Pump Mediating Quinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii

    Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. In previous work, we identified a putative MFS transporter, AU097_RS17040, involved in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii (M.

    María Pérez-Varela, Jordi Corral, Jesús Aranda, Jordi Barbé
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    cis- and trans-Acting Factors Influence Expression of the norM-Encoded Efflux Pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Levels of Gonococcal Susceptibility to Substrate Antimicrobials

    The gonococcal NorM efflux pump exports substrates with a cationic moiety, including quaternary ammonium compounds such as berberine (BE) and ethidium bromide (EB) as well as antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and solithromycin. The norM gene is part of a four-gene operon that is transcribed from a promoter containing a polynucleotide tract of 6 or 7 thymidines (T's) between the −10 and −35 hexamers; the majority of gonococcal...

    Corinne E. Rouquette-Loughlin, Vijaya Dhulipala, Jennifer L. Reimche, Erica Raterman, Afrin A. Begum, Ann E. Jerse, William M. Shafer
  • Pharmacology
    Clofazimine for the Treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii

    Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection is a global problem. Standard combination therapy consists of isoniazid at 300 mg/day, rifampin at 600 mg/day, and ethambutol at 15 mg/kg of body weight/day for 18 months.

    Shashikant Srivastava, Tawanda Gumbo
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    Enhanced Efflux Pump Activity in Old Candida glabrata Cells
    Somanon Bhattacharya, Bettina C. Fries
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    Mutations in Genes Encoding Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Efflux Pumps Play a Role in β-Lactam Resistance in Helicobacter cinaedi
    Emiko Rimbara, Shigetarou Mori, Hyun Kim, Masato Suzuki, Keigo Shibayama

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