Enterococcus
Mechanisms of ResistanceLytic Bacteriophages Facilitate Antibiotic Sensitization of Enterococcus faeciumEnterococcus faecium, a commensal of the human intestine, has emerged as a hospital-adapted, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Bacteriophages (phages), natural predators of bacteria, have regained attention as therapeutics to stem the rise of MDR bacteria.
Mechanisms of ResistanceDaptomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecium Can Be Delayed by Disruption of the LiaFSR Stress Response PathwayLiaFSR signaling plays a major role in mediating daptomycin (DAP) resistance in enterococci, and the lack of a functional LiaFSR pathway leads to DAP hypersusceptibility. Using in vitro experimental evolution, we evaluated how Enterococcus faecium with a liaR response regulator gene deletion evolved DAP resistance.
Epidemiology and SurveillanceIn Vitro Activity and Potency of the Novel Oxazolidinone Contezolid (MRX-I) Tested against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates from the United States and EuropeContezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibacterial agent currently in development for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections, was susceptibility tested against Gram-positive clinical isolates (n = 1,211). Contezolid demonstrated potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 mg/liter), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus...
Chemistry; BiosynthesisAn Engineered Double Lipid II Binding Motifs-Containing Lantibiotic Displays Potent and Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Enterococcus faeciumLipid II is an essential precursor for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and thereby an important target for various antibiotics. Several lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics target lipid II with lanthionine-stabilized lipid II binding motifs. Here, we used the biosynthesis system of the lantibiotic nisin to synthesize a two-lipid II binding motifs-containing lantibiotic, termed TL19, which contains the N-terminal lipid II binding...
PharmacologyOral Fosfomycin Treatment for Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections in a Dynamic In Vitro ModelThere are limited treatment options for enterococcal urinary tract infections, especially vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Oral fosfomycin is a potential option, although limited data are available guiding dosing and susceptibility. We undertook pharmacodynamic profiling of fosfomycin against E. faecalis and...
Editor's Pick Experimental TherapeuticsTherapeutic Effects of Intravitreously Administered Bacteriophage in a Mouse Model of Endophthalmitis Caused by Vancomycin-Sensitive or -Resistant Enterococcus faecalisEndophthalmitis due to infection with Enterococcus spp. progresses rapidly and often results in substantial and irreversible vision loss. Given that the frequency of this condition caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis has been increasing, the development of novel therapeutics is urgently required.
Mechanisms of ResistanceEnvironment Shapes the Accessible Daptomycin Resistance Mechanisms in Enterococcus faeciumDaptomycin binds to bacterial cell membranes and disrupts essential cell envelope processes, leading to cell death. Bacteria respond to daptomycin by altering their cell envelopes to either decrease antibiotic binding to the membrane or by diverting binding away from septal targets. In Enterococcus faecalis, daptomycin resistance is typically coordinated by the three-...
Experimental TherapeuticsIn Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Diacerein on 76 Isolates of Gram-Positive Cocci from Bacterial Keratitis Patients and In Vivo Study of Diacerein Eye Drops on Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis in MiceBacterial keratitis is an aggressive infectious corneal disease. With the continuing rise in antibiotic resistance and a decline in the discovery of new antibiotics, new antimicrobial drugs are now required.
Clinical TherapeuticsImpact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention on Within- and Between-Patient Daptomycin Resistance Evolution in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faeciumVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, with limited treatment options. Resistance to one of the few remaining drugs, daptomycin, is a growing clinical problem and has previously been described in this hospital.
PharmacologyPharmacodynamics of Daptomycin against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in the Murine Thigh Infection ModelThe Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) daptomycin MIC susceptibility breakpoint for the treatment of enterococcal infections is ≤4 μg/ml. However, patients receiving daptomycin for the treatment of infections caused by enterococci with MICs of ≤4 μg/ml may experience treatment failures.