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experimental evolution

  • Experimental Evolution Identifies Adaptive Aneuploidy as a Mechanism of Fluconazole Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Experimental Evolution Identifies Adaptive Aneuploidy as a Mechanism of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida auris

    Candida auris is a newly emerging fungal pathogen of humans and has attracted considerable attention from both the clinical and basic research communities. Clinical isolates of C. auris are often resistant to one or more antifungal agents. To explore how antifungal resistance develops, we performed...

    Jian Bing, Tianren Hu, Qiushi Zheng, José F. Muñoz, Christina A. Cuomo, Guanghua Huang
  • <em>De Novo</em> Resistance to Arg<sub>10</sub>-Teixobactin Occurs Slowly and Is Costly
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    De Novo Resistance to Arg10-Teixobactin Occurs Slowly and Is Costly

    Bacterial pathogens are rapidly evolving resistance to all clinically available antibiotics. One part of the solution to this complex issue is to better understand the resistance mechanisms to new and existing antibiotics. Here, we focus on two antibiotics. Teixobactin is a recently discovered promising antibiotic that is claimed to “kill pathogens without detectable resistance” (L. L. Ling, T. Schneider, A. J. Peoples, A. L. Spoering,...

    Daniel G. Lloyd, Benjamin J. Schofield, Matthew R. Goddard, Edward J. Taylor
  • A Large-Scale Whole-Genome Comparison Shows that Experimental Evolution in Response to Antibiotics Predicts Changes in Naturally Evolved Clinical <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    A Large-Scale Whole-Genome Comparison Shows that Experimental Evolution in Response to Antibiotics Predicts Changes in Naturally Evolved Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections. An increasing number of isolates have mutations that make them antibiotic resistant, making treatment difficult. To identify resistance-associated mutations, we experimentally evolved the antibiotic-sensitive strain...

    Samuel J. T. Wardell, Attika Rehman, Lois W. Martin, Craig Winstanley, Wayne M. Patrick, Iain L. Lamont
  • Open Access
    Advantage of the F2:A1:B- IncF Pandemic Plasmid over IncC Plasmids in <em>In Vitro</em> Acquisition and Evolution of <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub> Gene-Bearing Plasmids in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Advantage of the F2:A1:B- IncF Pandemic Plasmid over IncC Plasmids in In Vitro Acquisition and Evolution of blaCTX-M Gene-Bearing Plasmids in Escherichia coli

    Despite a fitness cost imposed on bacterial hosts, large conjugative plasmids play a key role in the diffusion of resistance determinants, such as CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Among the large conjugative plasmids, IncF plasmids are the most predominant group, and an F2:A1:B- IncF-type plasmid encoding a CTX-M-15 variant was recently described as being strongly associated with the emerging worldwide...

    Anne-Claire Mahérault, Harry Kemble, Mélanie Magnan, Benoit Gachet, David Roche, Hervé Le Nagard, Olivier Tenaillon, Erick Denamur, Catherine Branger, Luce Landraud
  • The Essential Role of Hypermutation in Rapid Adaptation to Antibiotic Stress
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    The Essential Role of Hypermutation in Rapid Adaptation to Antibiotic Stress

    A common outcome of antibiotic exposure in patients and in vitro is the evolution of a hypermutator phenotype that enables rapid adaptation by pathogens. While hypermutation is a robust mechanism for rapid adaptation, it requires trade-offs between the adaptive mutations and the more common “hitchhiker” mutations that accumulate from the increased mutation rate.

    Heer H. Mehta, Amy G. Prater, Kathryn Beabout, Ryan A. L. Elworth, Mark Karavis, Henry S. Gibbons, Yousif Shamoo
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    Pathogenic Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and Nocardia nova Evolve To Resist Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole by both Expected and Unexpected Pathways
    H. Mehta, J. Weng, A. Prater, R. A. L. Elworth, X. Han, Y. Shamoo
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    Rapid and Consistent Evolution of Colistin Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Morbidostat Culture
    Bianca Dößelmann, Matthias Willmann, Matthias Steglich, Boyke Bunk, Ulrich Nübel, Silke Peter, Richard A. Neher
  • Mechanisms of Resistance
    A Naturally Occurring Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Multicopy Plasmid Produces a Reversible Increase in Antibiotic Resistance
    Alfonso Santos-Lopez, Cristina Bernabe-Balas, Manuel Ares-Arroyo, Rafael Ortega-Huedo, Andreas Hoefer, Alvaro San Millan, Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn
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