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fluoroquinolone

  • Molecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Molecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

    Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are crucial components of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment. Differing levels of resistance are associated with specific mutations within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA. We sequenced the QRDR from serial isolates of MDR TB patients in the...

    Melisa Willby, Paige Chopra, Darrin Lemmer, Katherine Klein, Tracy L. Dalton, David M. Engelthaler, J. Peter Cegielski, James E. Posey
    and on behalf of Global PETTS Investigators
  • <em>ramR</em> Deletion in an <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Enterobacter hormaechei</span> Isolate as a Consequence of Therapeutic Failure of Key Antibiotics in a Long-Term Hospitalized Patient
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    ramR Deletion in an Enterobacter hormaechei Isolate as a Consequence of Therapeutic Failure of Key Antibiotics in a Long-Term Hospitalized Patient

    Genome changes are central to the adaptation of bacteria, especially under antibiotic pressure. The aim of this study was to report phenotypic and genomic adaptations undergone by an Enterobacter hormaechei clinical strain that became highly resistant to key antimicrobials during a 4-month period in a patient hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). All six...

    François Gravey, Vincent Cattoir, Frédéric Ethuin, Laetitia Fabre, Racha Beyrouthy, Richard Bonnet, Simon Le Hello, François Guérin
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women: a Systematic Review
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Escherichia coli Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women: a Systematic Review

    Antibiotic resistance is a threat to public health, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are an example of this concern. This systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] ID: CRD42020156674) is the first to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance to fluoroquinolones in women with community-...

    Ann E. Stapleton, Florian M. E. Wagenlehner, Aruni Mulgirigama, Monique Twynholm
  • Levonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury Model
    Pharmacology
    Levonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury Model

    Fluoroquinolones are reported to possess immunomodulatory activity; hence, a novel benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, levonadifloxacin, was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole-blood (HWB) and mouse acute lung injury (ALI) models. Levonadifloxacin significantly mitigated the inflammatory responses in an HWB assay through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and in the ALI model by lowering lung total white blood cell...

    Anasuya Patel, Ganesh V. Sangle, Jinal Trivedi, Sushant A. Shengule, Deepak Thorve, Mohan Patil, Nitin J. Deshmukh, Bhushan Choudhari, Avinash Karade, Sangita Gupta, Sachin Bhagwat, Mahesh Patel
  • Open Access
    Efficacy of Delafloxacin versus Moxifloxacin against Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Adults with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP): Microbiology Results from the Delafloxacin Phase 3 CABP Trial
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Efficacy of Delafloxacin versus Moxifloxacin against Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Adults with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP): Microbiology Results from the Delafloxacin Phase 3 CABP Trial

    Delafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, including fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The microbiological results of a phase 3 clinical trial in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing delafloxacin (300 mg intravenously [i.v.]...

    Sandra McCurdy, Kara Keedy, Laura Lawrence, Ashley Nenninger, Amanda Sheets, Megan Quintas, Sue Cammarata
  • <em>In Vitro</em> Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Haemophilus influenzae</span> and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    In Vitro Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of Haemophilus influenzae and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance

    Haemophilus influenzae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes respiratory and otolaryngological infections. The increasing prevalence of β-lactamase–negative high-level ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (high-BLNAR) is a clinical concern. Fluoroquinolones are alternative agents to β-lactams. However...

    Hiroyuki Honda, Toyotaka Sato, Masaaki Shinagawa, Yukari Fukushima, Chie Nakajima, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Koji Kuronuma, Satoshi Takahashi, Hiroki Takahashi, Shin-ichi Yokota
  • Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients with Monomicrobial <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span> Infections
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients with Monomicrobial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections

    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen observed in nosocomial infections. Due to biofilm production and resistance to numerous antimicrobials, eradication is difficult. This study evaluated outcomes for monomicrobial S. maltophilia infections. Seventy-six patients were included,...

    Cara Nys, Kartik Cherabuddi, Veena Venugopalan, Kenneth P. Klinker
  • Using <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Predict Fluoroquinolone Treatment Response
    Pharmacology
    Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Predict Fluoroquinolone Treatment Response

    Clinical phenotypic fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently based on M. tuberculosis growth at a single critical concentration, which provides limited information for a nuanced clinical response. We propose using specific resistance-conferring...

    Marva Seifert, Edmund Capparelli, Donald G. Catanzaro, Timothy C. Rodwell
  • Open Access
    Fluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial Populations
    Editor's Pick Pharmacology
    Fluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial Populations

    Fluoroquinolones represent the pillar of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment, with moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or gatifloxacin being prescribed to MDR-TB patients. Recently, several clinical trials of “universal” drug regimens, aiming to treat drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, have included a fluoroquinolone.

    Jansy Sarathy, Landry Blanc, Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera, Paul O’Brien, Isabela Dias-Freedman, Marizel Mina, Matthew Zimmerman, Firat Kaya, Hsin-Pin Ho Liang, Brendan Prideaux, Jillian Dietzold, Padmini Salgame, Radojka M. Savic, Jennifer Linderman, Denise Kirschner, Elsje Pienaar, Véronique Dartois
  • Apotransferrin in Combination with Ciprofloxacin Slows Bacterial Replication, Prevents Resistance Amplification, and Increases Antimicrobial Regimen Effect
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Apotransferrin in Combination with Ciprofloxacin Slows Bacterial Replication, Prevents Resistance Amplification, and Increases Antimicrobial Regimen Effect

    There has been renewed interest in combining traditional small-molecule antimicrobial agents with nontraditional therapies to potentiate antimicrobial effects. Apotransferrin, which decreases iron availability to microbes, is one such approach.

    Paul G. Ambrose, Brian D. VanScoy, Brian M. Luna, Jun Yan, Amber Ulhaq, Travis B. Nielsen, Sue Rudin, Kristine Hujer, Robert A. Bonomo, Luis Actis, Eric Skaar, Brad Spellberg

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