fluoroquinolone
Mechanisms of ResistanceMolecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant TuberculosisFluoroquinolones (FQ) are crucial components of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment. Differing levels of resistance are associated with specific mutations within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA. We sequenced the QRDR from serial isolates of MDR TB patients in the...
Mechanisms of ResistanceramR Deletion in an Enterobacter hormaechei Isolate as a Consequence of Therapeutic Failure of Key Antibiotics in a Long-Term Hospitalized PatientGenome changes are central to the adaptation of bacteria, especially under antibiotic pressure. The aim of this study was to report phenotypic and genomic adaptations undergone by an Enterobacter hormaechei clinical strain that became highly resistant to key antimicrobials during a 4-month period in a patient hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). All six...
Epidemiology and SurveillanceEscherichia coli Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women: a Systematic ReviewAntibiotic resistance is a threat to public health, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are an example of this concern. This systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] ID: CRD42020156674) is the first to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance to fluoroquinolones in women with community-...
PharmacologyLevonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury ModelFluoroquinolones are reported to possess immunomodulatory activity; hence, a novel benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, levonadifloxacin, was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole-blood (HWB) and mouse acute lung injury (ALI) models. Levonadifloxacin significantly mitigated the inflammatory responses in an HWB assay through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and in the ALI model by lowering lung total white blood cell...
Clinical TherapeuticsEfficacy of Delafloxacin versus Moxifloxacin against Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Adults with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP): Microbiology Results from the Delafloxacin Phase 3 CABP TrialDelafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, including fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The microbiological results of a phase 3 clinical trial in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing delafloxacin (300 mg intravenously [i.v.]...
Mechanisms of ResistanceIn Vitro Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of Haemophilus influenzae and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone ResistanceHaemophilus influenzae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes respiratory and otolaryngological infections. The increasing prevalence of β-lactamase–negative high-level ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (high-BLNAR) is a clinical concern. Fluoroquinolones are alternative agents to β-lactams. However...
Clinical TherapeuticsClinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients with Monomicrobial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia InfectionsStenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen observed in nosocomial infections. Due to biofilm production and resistance to numerous antimicrobials, eradication is difficult. This study evaluated outcomes for monomicrobial S. maltophilia infections. Seventy-six patients were included,...
PharmacologyUsing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Predict Fluoroquinolone Treatment ResponseClinical phenotypic fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently based on M. tuberculosis growth at a single critical concentration, which provides limited information for a nuanced clinical response. We propose using specific resistance-conferring...
Editor's Pick PharmacologyFluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial PopulationsFluoroquinolones represent the pillar of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment, with moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or gatifloxacin being prescribed to MDR-TB patients. Recently, several clinical trials of “universal” drug regimens, aiming to treat drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, have included a fluoroquinolone.
Experimental TherapeuticsApotransferrin in Combination with Ciprofloxacin Slows Bacterial Replication, Prevents Resistance Amplification, and Increases Antimicrobial Regimen EffectThere has been renewed interest in combining traditional small-molecule antimicrobial agents with nontraditional therapies to potentiate antimicrobial effects. Apotransferrin, which decreases iron availability to microbes, is one such approach.