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fluoroquinolones

  • New Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Evaluating the Potency of Gepotidacin and Zoliflodacin in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> upon <em>tolC</em> Inactivation and Differentiating Their Efflux Pump Substrate Nature
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    New Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Evaluating the Potency of Gepotidacin and Zoliflodacin in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli upon tolC Inactivation and Differentiating Their Efflux Pump Substrate Nature

    Inactivating tolC in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli with differing sequence types and quinolone resistance-determining mutations reveals remarkably potentiated activity of the first-in-class topoisomerase inhibitors gepotidacin and zoliflodacin. Differences between both structurally unrelated compounds in comparison to fluoroquinolones regarding the...

    Sabine Schuster, Martina Vavra, Raphael Köser, John W. A. Rossen, Winfried V. Kern
  • A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed Meninges
    Clinical Therapeutics
    A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed Meninges

    Ventriculostomy-associated infections in critically ill patients remain therapeutically challenging because of drug- and disease-related factors that contribute to suboptimal antibiotic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Optimal antibiotic dosing for the treatment and prevention of such infections should be based on robust and contextually specific pharmacokinetic data. The objects of this study were to describe and critically...

    Nilesh Kumta, Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman, Wai Tat Wong, Gavin M. Joynt, Menino Osbert Cotta
  • A Roadblock-and-Kill Mechanism of Action Model for the DNA-Targeting Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    A Roadblock-and-Kill Mechanism of Action Model for the DNA-Targeting Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin

    Fluoroquinolones, antibiotics that cause DNA damage by inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, are clinically important, but their mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In particular, the dynamical response of bacterial cells to fluoroquinolone exposure has hardly been investigated, although the SOS response, triggered by DNA damage, is often thought to play a key role. Here, we investigated the growth inhibition of the bacterium...

    Nikola Ojkic, Elin Lilja, Susana Direito, Angela Dawson, Rosalind J. Allen, Bartlomiej Waclaw
  • Pathogenicity Genomic Island-Associated CrpP-Like Fluoroquinolone-Modifying Enzymes among <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Clinical Isolates in Europe
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Pathogenicity Genomic Island-Associated CrpP-Like Fluoroquinolone-Modifying Enzymes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in Europe

    Many transferable quinolone resistance mechanisms have been identified in Gram-negative bacteria. The plasmid-encoded 65-amino-acid-long ciprofloxacin-modifying enzyme CrpP was recently identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. We analyzed a collection of 100 clonally unrelated and multidrug-resistant...

    José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa, Patrice Nordmann, Laurent Poirel
  • Open Access
    Nitroxide Functionalized Antibiotics Are Promising Eradication Agents against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Biofilms
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Nitroxide Functionalized Antibiotics Are Promising Eradication Agents against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

    Treatment of biofilm-related Staphylococcus aureus infections represents an important medical challenge worldwide, as biofilms, even those involving drug-susceptible S. aureus strains, are highly refractory to conventional antibiotic therapy. Nitroxides were recently shown to induce the dispersal of...

    Anthony D. Verderosa, Rabeb Dhouib, Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith, Makrina Totsika
  • DAV131A Protects Hamsters from Lethal <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> Infection Induced by Fluoroquinolones
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    DAV131A Protects Hamsters from Lethal Clostridioides difficile Infection Induced by Fluoroquinolones

    Fluoroquinolone treatments induce dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in loss of resistance to colonization by exogenous bacteria such as Clostridioides difficile that may cause severe diarrhea in humans and lethal infection in hamsters. We show here that DAV131A, a charcoal-based adsorbent, decreases the intestinal levels of the fluoroquinolone...

    Nathalie Saint-Lu, Charles Burdet, Frédérique Sablier-Gallis, Tanguy Corbel, Agathe Nevière, Sakina Sayah-Jeanne, Mark Pulse, William Weiss, Stéphanie Ferreira, Antoine Andremont, France Mentré, Jean de Gunzburg
  • A Rare D94F Change in <em>gyrA</em> Gene of Multidrug-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Possibly Contributing to an Unfavorable Treatment Outcome
    Letter to the Editor
    A Rare D94F Change in gyrA Gene of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Possibly Contributing to an Unfavorable Treatment Outcome
    Rakesh Yadav, Aastha Saini, Priyanka Agarwal, Pooja Kapoor, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Sunil Sethi
  • Early Dissemination of <em>qnrE1</em> in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Typhimurium from Livestock in South America
    Letter to the Editor
    Early Dissemination of qnrE1 in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from Livestock in South America
    Daniel F. Monte, Nilton Lincopan, Louise Cerdeira, Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Mariza Landgraf
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

    We studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the postantibiotic effect of the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Wild-type strain R6 had postantibiotic effects of 2.05 ± 0.10 h (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and 3.23 ± 0.45 h at 2.5× and 10× MIC of levofloxacin, respectively. Moxifloxacin exhibited lower effects of 0.87 ±...

    M. T. García, M. V. Valenzuela, M. J. Ferrándiz, A. G. de la Campa
  • Open Access
    Fluoroquinolones in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Culture Conversion and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment To Guide Dose Selection
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Fluoroquinolones in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Culture Conversion and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment To Guide Dose Selection

    Fluoroquinolones are group A drugs in tuberculosis guidelines. We aim to compare the culture conversion between new-generation (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) and old-generation (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) fluoroquinolones, develop pharmacokinetic models, and calculate target attainment for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. We included three U.S. tuberculosis centers.

    Mohammad H. Al-Shaer, Wael A. Alghamdi, Abdullah Alsultan, Guohua An, Shahriar Ahmed, Yosra Alkabab, Sayera Banu, Ketevan Barbakadze, Eric Houpt, Maia Kipiani, Lali Mikiashvili, J. Peter Cegielski, Russell R. Kempker, Scott K. Heysell, Charles A. Peloquin

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