fluoroquinolones
Experimental TherapeuticsNitroxide Functionalized Antibiotics Are Promising Eradication Agents against Staphylococcus aureus BiofilmsTreatment of biofilm-related Staphylococcus aureus infections represents an important medical challenge worldwide, as biofilms, even those involving drug-susceptible S. aureus strains, are highly refractory to conventional antibiotic therapy. Nitroxides were recently shown to induce the dispersal of...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsDAV131A Protects Hamsters from Lethal Clostridioides difficile Infection Induced by FluoroquinolonesFluoroquinolone treatments induce dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in loss of resistance to colonization by exogenous bacteria such as Clostridioides difficile that may cause severe diarrhea in humans and lethal infection in hamsters. We show here that DAV131A, a charcoal-based adsorbent, decreases the intestinal levels of the fluoroquinolone...
Mechanisms of ResistanceReactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniaeWe studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the postantibiotic effect of the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Wild-type strain R6 had postantibiotic effects of 2.05 ± 0.10 h (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and 3.23 ± 0.45 h at 2.5× and 10× MIC of levofloxacin, respectively. Moxifloxacin exhibited lower effects of 0.87 ±...
Clinical TherapeuticsFluoroquinolones in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Culture Conversion and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment To Guide Dose SelectionFluoroquinolones are group A drugs in tuberculosis guidelines. We aim to compare the culture conversion between new-generation (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) and old-generation (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) fluoroquinolones, develop pharmacokinetic models, and calculate target attainment for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. We included three U.S. tuberculosis centers.
Clinical TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Children Treated for Exposure to Drug-Resistant TuberculosisLevofloxacin is used to treat and prevent drug-resistant tuberculosis in children. We assessed levofloxacin serum drug concentrations in 24 children aged 2 to 10 years who received levofloxacin-based tuberculosis preventive therapy in Karachi, Pakistan.
Mechanisms of ResistanceResistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Escherichia coli Selected by Enrofloxacin in ChickenThis study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns, and novel mechanisms involved in fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates. The E. coli isolates were recovered from a previous clinical study and subjected to antimicrobial...
Mechanisms of ResistanceCirculation of Plasmids Harboring Resistance Genes to Quinolones and/or Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Multiple Salmonella enterica Serotypes from Swine in the United StatesNontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) poses a major public health risk worldwide that is amplified by the existence of antimicrobial-resistant strains, especially those resistant to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Little is known on the dissemination of plasmids harboring the acquired genetic determinants that confer resistance to these...
Editor's Pick Epidemiology and SurveillancePatients at Risk for Aortic Rupture Often Exposed to Fluoroquinolones during HospitalizationSeveral studies have indicated that fluoroquinolone use may be associated with an increased risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection (AAD). Because patients with AAD or Marfan syndrome are at increased risk for aortic rupture, we performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the prevalence of systemic fluoroquinolone exposure and predictors of fluoroquinolone use in these patients.
