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gentamicin

  • Identification of a Novel Plasmid-Borne Gentamicin Resistance Gene in Nontyphoidal <em>Salmonella</em> Isolated from Retail Turkey
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Identification of a Novel Plasmid-Borne Gentamicin Resistance Gene in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolated from Retail Turkey

    The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a global health challenge. Efficient surveillance of bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a critical aspect to controlling the spread. Increased access to microbial genomic data from many diverse populations informs this surveillance but only when functional ARGs are identifiable within the data set. Current, homology-based approaches are effective at identifying...

    Happy-Sarah L. Kim, Ricardo D. Rodriguez, Sydney K. Morris, Shaohua Zhao, Justin J. Donato
  • Unraveling the Gentamicin Drug Product Complexity Reveals Variation in Microbiological Activities and Nephrotoxicity
    Pharmacology
    Unraveling the Gentamicin Drug Product Complexity Reveals Variation in Microbiological Activities and Nephrotoxicity

    The gentamicin drug product is a complex mixture of numerous components, many of which have not individually undergone safety and efficacy assessments. This is in contrast to the majority of medicines that require rigorous characterizations of trace impurities and are dosed as single components. In gentamicin, four components, known as gentamicin congeners C1, C1a, C2, and C2a, comprise the majority of the mixture. A liquid...

    Zackery P. Bulman, Ryan Cirz, Darin Hildebrandt, Tim Kane, Zuelay Rosario, Ken Wlasichuk, Minjong Park, Logan D. Andrews
  • Mutations in Ribosomal Protein RplA or Treatment with Ribosomal Acting Antibiotics Activates Production of Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump SmeYZ in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Mutations in Ribosomal Protein RplA or Treatment with Ribosomal Acting Antibiotics Activates Production of Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump SmeYZ in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

    Aminoglycoside resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is multifactorial, but the most significant mechanism is overproduction of the SmeYZ efflux system. By studying laboratory-selected mutants and clinical isolates, we show here that damage to the 50S ribosomal protein L1 (RplA) activates SmeYZ production. We also show that gentamicin and minocycline, which...

    Karina Calvopiña, Punyawee Dulyayangkul, Matthew B. Avison
  • Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin between Oncology and Nononcology Pediatric Patients
    Pharmacology
    Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin between Oncology and Nononcology Pediatric Patients

    Dosing gentamicin in pediatric patients can be difficult due to its narrow therapeutic index. A significantly higher percentage of fat mass has been observed in children receiving oncology treatment than in those who are not. Differences in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin between oncology and nononcology pediatric patients and individual dosage requirements were evaluated in this study, using normal fat mass (NFM) as a body size...

    C. C. Llanos-Paez, C. E. Staatz, R. Lawson, S. Hennig
  • Open Access
    Control of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Infection in Mice by Using Dissolving Microarray Patches Containing Gentamicin
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice by Using Dissolving Microarray Patches Containing Gentamicin

    Using a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial infection, we demonstrate that gentamicin dissolving microarray patches, applied to murine ears, could control K. pneumoniae infection. Mice treated with microarray patches had reduced bacterial burden in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue...

    Aoife M. Rodgers, Maelíosa T. C. McCrudden, Aaron J. Courtenay, Mary-Carmel Kearney, Katherine L. Edwards, Rebecca J. Ingram, Jose Bengoechea, Ryan F. Donnelly
  • Population Pharmacokinetics with Monte Carlo Simulations of Gentamicin in a Population of Severely Ill Adult Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics with Monte Carlo Simulations of Gentamicin in a Population of Severely Ill Adult Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa

    In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), gentamicin is commonly used for severe infections in non-intensive-care-unit (ICU) settings, but pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for this specific population are lacking. We performed a population pharmacokinetic study in an adult Mozambican non-ICU hospital population treated with gentamicin (n = 48) and developed a pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling.

    ...
    Jeannet C. Bos, Jan M. Prins, Mabor C. Mistício, Ginto Nunguiane, Cláudia N. Lang, José C. Beirão, Ron A. A. Mathôt, Reinier M. van Hest
  • A Systematic Review of Single-Dose Aminoglycoside Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Time To Resurrect an Old Strategy?
    Clinical Therapeutics
    A Systematic Review of Single-Dose Aminoglycoside Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Time To Resurrect an Old Strategy?

    Increasing bacterial resistance and poor patient adherence rates limit the effectiveness of conventional antibiotic therapies for urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this study was to investigate whether a single aminoglycoside dose adequately treated UTI.

    Kellie J. Goodlet, Fatima Z. Benhalima, Michael D. Nailor
  • Evaluation of Oritavancin Combinations with Rifampin, Gentamicin, or Linezolid against Prosthetic Joint Infection-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Biofilms by Time-Kill Assays
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Evaluation of Oritavancin Combinations with Rifampin, Gentamicin, or Linezolid against Prosthetic Joint Infection-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Time-Kill Assays

    The antibiofilm activity of oritavancin in combination with rifampin, gentamicin, or linezolid was evaluated against 10 prosthetic joint infection (PJI)-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates by time-kill assays. Oritavancin combined with rifampin demonstrated statistically significant bacterial reductions compared with those of either...

    Qun Yan, Melissa J. Karau, Yash S. Raval, Robin Patel
  • Pharmacology
    External Evaluation of a Gentamicin Infant Population Pharmacokinetic Model Using Data from a National Electronic Health Record Database

    Gentamicin is a common antibiotic used in neonates and infants. A recently published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using data from multiple studies, and the objective of our analyses was to evaluate the feasibility of using a national electronic health record (EHR) database for further external evaluation of this model.

    Shufan Ge, Ryan J. Beechinor, Christoph P. Hornik, Joseph F. Standing, Kanecia Zimmerman, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Matthew M. Laughon, Reese Clark, Daniel Gonzalez
  • Pharmacology
    Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Area Improves Estimation of Aminoglycoside Clearance across Body Size
    Ryan L. Crass, Brian E. Ross, Brian A. Derstine, Matt Lichty, June A. Sullivan, Grace L. Su, Stewart C. Wang, Manjunath P. Pai

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