infective endocarditis
Experimental TherapeuticsDeimmunized Lysostaphin Synergizes with Small-Molecule Chemotherapies and Resensitizes Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactam AntibioticsThere is an urgent need for novel agents to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections, such as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Desirable properties for new antibiotics include high potency, narrow species selectivity, low propensity to elicit new resistance phenotypes, and synergy with standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapies.
Experimental TherapeuticsBacteriophage AB-SA01 Cocktail in Combination with Antibiotics against MRSA-VISA Strain in an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic ModelThis study aimed to test the efficacy of bacteriophage-antibiotic combinations (BACs) in vitro in 24-h time-kill settings and in ex vivo simulated endocardial vegetation (SEV) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for 96 h. BACs prevented the development of bacteriophage resistance, while some bacteriophage resistance emerged in bacteriophage-alone treatments. In addition, BACs resulted in an enhancement of bacterial...
Clinical TherapeuticsAmpicillin and Ceftriaxone Solution Stability at Different Temperatures in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial TherapyThe inclusion of ampicillin-containing regimens in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programs (OPAT) depends upon solution stability under conditions similar to those experienced in these programs. Lack of this information could hinder the inclusion in OPAT of patients suffering from Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis treated with ampicillin plus...
Experimental TherapeuticsAntimicrobial Activity of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) against the Most Common Causes of Infective EndocarditisExebacase, a recombinantly produced lysin (cell wall hydrolase), and comparator antibiotics were tested by the broth microdilution method against strain sets of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp., which are the most common causes of infective endocarditis in humans. Exebacase was active against all Staphylococcus spp. tested, including S. aureus...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetic Study of Cefazolin Dosage Adaptation in Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis Based on a Nomogram...Optimal dosing of continuous-infusion cefazolin can be challenging in patients being treated for bacteremia or infective endocarditis. The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in those patients using a population pharmacokinetics modeling approach and to establish a nomogram to determine the optimal daily dose. Population pharmacokinetics were modeled using the Pmetrics package for R.
Experimental TherapeuticsEndocarditis Caused by Highly Penicillin-Resistant Viridans Group Streptococci: Still Room for Vancomycin-Based RegimensOptimal treatment options remain unknown for infective endocarditis (IE) caused by penicillin-resistant (PEN-R) viridans group streptococcal (VGS) strains. The aims of this study were to report two cases of highly PEN-R VGS IE, perform a literature review, and evaluate various antibiotic combinations in vitro and in vivo.
Editor's Pick SusceptibilityBicarbonate Resensitization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactam AntibioticsEndovascular infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major health care concern, especially infective endocarditis (IE). Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) defines most MRSA strains as “resistant” to β-lactams, often leading to the use of costly and/or toxic treatment regimens. In this investigation, five prototype...
Experimental TherapeuticsAdjunctive Clavulanic Acid Abolishes the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in an Experimental Rat Model of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus EndocarditisWe tested the ability of clavulanic acid to restore the efficacy of cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus TX0117, which exhibits the cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE). In the rat infective endocarditis model, the coadministration of cefazolin plus clavulanic acid resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial counts (7.1 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g) compared to...