malaria
Epidemiology and SurveillancePlasmodium falciparum Kelch Propeller Polymorphisms in Clinical Isolates from Ghana from 2007 to 2016The continuous surveillance of polymorphisms in the kelch propeller domain of Plasmodium falciparum from Africa is important for the discovery of the actual markers of artemisinin resistance in the region. The information on the markers is crucial for control strategies involving chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis for residents and nonimmune travelers to the country....
PharmacologyKinetic Driver of Antibacterial Drugs against Plasmodium falciparum and Implications for Clinical DosingAntibacterial drugs are an important component of malaria therapy. We studied the interactions of clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin against Plasmodium falciparum under static and dynamic conditions. In microtiter plate assays (static conditions), and as expected, parasites displayed the delayed death response characteristic for apicoplast-...
Clinical TherapeuticsEfficacy and Safety of Pyronaridine-Artesunate plus Single-Dose Primaquine for the Treatment of Malaria in Western CambodiaThis single-arm trial (n = 104) in western Cambodia showed high efficacy for 3-day treatment with pyronaridine-artesunate plus single-dose primaquine in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Clinical TherapeuticsCYP2D6 Polymorphisms and the Safety and Gametocytocidal Activity of Single-Dose Primaquine for Plasmodium falciparumSingle-dose primaquine (PQ) clears mature gametocytes and reduces the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum after artemisinin combination therapy. Genetic variation in CYP2D6, the gene producing the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), influences plasma concentrations of PQ and its metabolites and is associated with PQ treatment failure in...
Clinical TherapeuticsA Randomized Open-Label Evaluation of the Antimalarial Prophylactic Efficacy of Azithromycin-Piperaquine versus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Pregnant Papua New Guinean WomenEmerging malaria parasite sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance has prompted assessment of alternatives for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). The objective was to evaluate the tolerability and prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin (AZ) plus piperaquine (PQ) in pregnant women in Papua New Guinea. The study was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial.
Analytical ProceduresImproving Methods for Analyzing Antimalarial Drug Efficacy Trials: Molecular Correction Based on Length-Polymorphic Markers msp-1, msp-2, and glurpDrug efficacy trials monitor the continued efficacy of front-line drugs against falciparum malaria. Overestimating efficacy results in a country retaining a failing drug as first-line treatment with associated increases in morbidity and mortality, while underestimating drug effectiveness leads to removal of an effective treatment with substantial practical and economic implications.
Epidemiology and SurveillanceBaseline Ex Vivo and Molecular Responses of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates to Piperaquine before Implementation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in SenegalDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, which was registered in 2017 in Senegal, is not currently used as the first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria. A total of 6.6% to 17.1% of P. falciparum isolates collected in Dakar in 2013 to 2015 showed ex vivo-reduced susceptibility to piperaquine.
Epidemiology and SurveillanceMonitoring the Efficacy of Chloroquine-Primaquine Therapy for Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax Malaria in the Main Transmission Hot Spot of BrazilEmerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (CQ) may undermine malaria elimination efforts in South America. CQ-resistant P. vivax has been found in the major port city of Manaus but not in the main malaria hot spots across the Amazon Basin of Brazil, where CQ is routinely coadministered...
Epidemiology and SurveillanceMutation Profile of pfdhfr and pfdhps in Plasmodium falciparum among Returned Chinese Migrant Workers from AfricaWe evaluated markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum among 254 returned migrant workers in China from Africa from 2013 to 2016. High prevalences of pfdhfr (97.2%) and pfdhps (96.5%) mutations were observed.
Mechanisms of ResistanceIdentification of Antimalarial Compounds That Require CLAG3 for Their Uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-Infected ErythrocytesDuring the intraerythrocytic asexual cycle malaria parasites acquire nutrients and other solutes through a broad selectivity channel localized at the membrane of the infected erythrocyte termed the plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC). The protein product of the Plasmodium falciparum clonally variant clag3.1 and clag3.2 genes determines PSAC...