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moxifloxacin

  • Molecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Molecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

    Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are crucial components of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment. Differing levels of resistance are associated with specific mutations within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA. We sequenced the QRDR from serial isolates of MDR TB patients in the...

    Melisa Willby, Paige Chopra, Darrin Lemmer, Katherine Klein, Tracy L. Dalton, David M. Engelthaler, J. Peter Cegielski, James E. Posey
    and on behalf of Global PETTS Investigators
  • Advanced Quantification Methods To Improve the 18b Dormancy Model for Assessing the Activity of Tuberculosis Drugs <em>In Vitro</em>
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Advanced Quantification Methods To Improve the 18b Dormancy Model for Assessing the Activity of Tuberculosis Drugs In Vitro

    One of the reasons for the lengthy tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the difficulty to treat the nonmultiplying mycobacterial subpopulation. In order to assess the ability of (new) TB drugs to target this subpopulation, we need to incorporate dormancy models in our preclinical drug development pipeline. In most available dormancy models, it takes a long time to create a dormant state, and it is difficult to identify and quantify this...

    E. D. Pieterman, M. J. Sarink, C. Sala, S. T. Cole, J. E. M. de Steenwinkel, H. I. Bax
  • Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity
    Pharmacology
    Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity

    Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (n = 14) or no intervention (n = 8)....

    Charles Burdet, Thu Thuy Nguyen, Xavier Duval, Stéphanie Ferreira, Antoine Andremont, Jérémie Guedj, France Mentré, the DAV132-CL-1002 Study Group
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

    We studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the postantibiotic effect of the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Wild-type strain R6 had postantibiotic effects of 2.05 ± 0.10 h (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and 3.23 ± 0.45 h at 2.5× and 10× MIC of levofloxacin, respectively. Moxifloxacin exhibited lower effects of 0.87 ±...

    M. T. García, M. V. Valenzuela, M. J. Ferrándiz, A. G. de la Campa
  • Open Access
    Fluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial Populations
    Editor's Pick Pharmacology
    Fluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial Populations

    Fluoroquinolones represent the pillar of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment, with moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or gatifloxacin being prescribed to MDR-TB patients. Recently, several clinical trials of “universal” drug regimens, aiming to treat drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, have included a fluoroquinolone.

    Jansy Sarathy, Landry Blanc, Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera, Paul O’Brien, Isabela Dias-Freedman, Marizel Mina, Matthew Zimmerman, Firat Kaya, Hsin-Pin Ho Liang, Brendan Prideaux, Jillian Dietzold, Padmini Salgame, Radojka M. Savic, Jennifer Linderman, Denise Kirschner, Elsje Pienaar, Véronique Dartois
  • Open Access
    Contribution of Pretomanid to Novel Regimens Containing Bedaquiline with either Linezolid or Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide in Murine Models of Tuberculosis
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Contribution of Pretomanid to Novel Regimens Containing Bedaquiline with either Linezolid or Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide in Murine Models of Tuberculosis

    Novel regimens combining bedaquiline and pretomanid with either linezolid (BPaL regimen) or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide (BPaMZ regimen) shorten the treatment duration needed to cure tuberculosis (TB) in BALB/c mice compared to that of the first-line regimen and have yielded promising results in initial clinical trials. However, the independent contribution of the investigational new drug pretomanid to the efficacy of BPaMZ has not...

    Jian Xu, Si-Yang Li, Deepak V. Almeida, Rokeya Tasneen, Kala Barnes-Boyle, Paul J. Converse, Anna M. Upton, Khisimuzi Mdluli, Nader Fotouhi, Eric L. Nuermberger
  • Moxifloxacin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into Bronchial Secretions in Ward and Intensive Care Unit Patients
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    Moxifloxacin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into Bronchial Secretions in Ward and Intensive Care Unit Patients

    This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin (MXF) in serum and sputum/bronchial secretions of 22 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalized in the ward and intensive care unit (ICU). The data showed that ICU patients had lower concentrations in secretions (P = 0.01).

    Maria Sionidou, Katerina Manika, Georgia Pitsiou, Paschalina Kontou, Kalliopi Chatzika, Paul Zarogoulidis, Ioannis Kioumis
  • Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Treatment Optimization in Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity
    Letter to the Editor
    Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Treatment Optimization in Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity
    B. G. J. Dekkers, O. W. Akkerman, J. W. C. Alffenaar
  • Effect of Moxifloxacin plus Pretomanid against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Log Phase, Acid Phase, and Nonreplicating-Persister Phase in an <em>In Vitro</em> Assay
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Effect of Moxifloxacin plus Pretomanid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Log Phase, Acid Phase, and Nonreplicating-Persister Phase in an In Vitro Assay

    Combination therapy is a successful approach to treat tuberculosis in patients with susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the emergence of resistant strains requires identification of new, effective therapies.

    Carolina de Miranda Silva, Amirhossein Hajihosseini, Jenny Myrick, Jocelyn Nole, Arnold Louie, Stephan Schmidt, George L. Drusano
  • Activity of Moxifloxacin against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Acid Phase and Nonreplicative-Persister Phenotype Phase in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Activity of Moxifloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Acid Phase and Nonreplicative-Persister Phenotype Phase in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model

    A major goal for improving tuberculosis therapy is to identify drug regimens with improved efficacy and shorter treatment durations. Shorter therapies improve patient adherence to the antibiotic regimens, which, in turn, decreases resistance emergence.

    Arnold Louie, Brandon Duncanson, Jenny Myrick, Michael Maynard, Jocelyn Nole, David Brown, Stephan Schmidt, Michael Neely, C. A. Scanga, Charles Peloquin, G. L. Drusano

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