moxifloxacin
PharmacologyNovel Short-Course Therapy and Morphism Mapping for Clinical Pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasiiStandard therapy (isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol), with or without a macrolide, for pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii lasts more than a year. Therefore, shorter treatment duration regimens are required.
Experimental TherapeuticsComparative Efficacy of the Novel Diarylquinoline TBAJ-587 and Bedaquiline against a Resistant Rv0678 Mutant in a Mouse Model of TuberculosisSince its conditional approval in 2012, bedaquiline (BDQ) has been a valuable tool for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. More recently, a novel short-course regimen combining BDQ with pretomanid and linezolid won approval to treat highly drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Mechanisms of ResistanceMolecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant TuberculosisFluoroquinolones (FQ) are crucial components of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment. Differing levels of resistance are associated with specific mutations within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA. We sequenced the QRDR from serial isolates of MDR TB patients in the...
Clinical TherapeuticsAdvanced Quantification Methods To Improve the 18b Dormancy Model for Assessing the Activity of Tuberculosis Drugs In VitroOne of the reasons for the lengthy tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the difficulty to treat the nonmultiplying mycobacterial subpopulation. In order to assess the ability of (new) TB drugs to target this subpopulation, we need to incorporate dormancy models in our preclinical drug development pipeline. In most available dormancy models, it takes a long time to create a dormant state, and it is difficult to identify and quantify this...
PharmacologyImpact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome DiversityAlthough the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (n = 14) or no intervention (n = 8)....
Mechanisms of ResistanceReactive Oxygen Species Production Is a Major Factor Directing the Postantibiotic Effect of Fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniaeWe studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the postantibiotic effect of the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Wild-type strain R6 had postantibiotic effects of 2.05 ± 0.10 h (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and 3.23 ± 0.45 h at 2.5× and 10× MIC of levofloxacin, respectively. Moxifloxacin exhibited lower effects of 0.87 ±...
Editor's Pick PharmacologyFluoroquinolone Efficacy against Tuberculosis Is Driven by Penetration into Lesions and Activity against Resident Bacterial PopulationsFluoroquinolones represent the pillar of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment, with moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or gatifloxacin being prescribed to MDR-TB patients. Recently, several clinical trials of “universal” drug regimens, aiming to treat drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, have included a fluoroquinolone.
Experimental TherapeuticsContribution of Pretomanid to Novel Regimens Containing Bedaquiline with either Linezolid or Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide in Murine Models of TuberculosisNovel regimens combining bedaquiline and pretomanid with either linezolid (BPaL regimen) or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide (BPaMZ regimen) shorten the treatment duration needed to cure tuberculosis (TB) in BALB/c mice compared to that of the first-line regimen and have yielded promising results in initial clinical trials. However, the independent contribution of the investigational new drug pretomanid to the efficacy of BPaMZ has not...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsMoxifloxacin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into Bronchial Secretions in Ward and Intensive Care Unit PatientsThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin (MXF) in serum and sputum/bronchial secretions of 22 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalized in the ward and intensive care unit (ICU). The data showed that ICU patients had lower concentrations in secretions (P = 0.01).
