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oxidative stress

  • Synergistic Quinolone Sensitization by Targeting the <em>recA</em> SOS Response Gene and Oxidative Stress
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    Synergistic Quinolone Sensitization by Targeting the recA SOS Response Gene and Oxidative Stress

    Suppression of the recA SOS response gene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction have been shown, separately, to enhance fluoroquinolone activity and lethality. Their putative synergistic impact as a strategy to potentiate the efficacy of bactericidal antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones is unknown.

    S. Diaz-Diaz, E. Recacha, J. Machuca, A. García-Duque, F. Docobo-Pérez, J. Blázquez, A. Pascual, J. M. Rodríguez-Martínez
  • Leishmanicidal Activity of an <em>In Silico</em>-Screened Novel Inhibitor against Ascorbate Peroxidase of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Leishmania donovani</span>
    Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    Leishmanicidal Activity of an In Silico-Screened Novel Inhibitor against Ascorbate Peroxidase of Leishmania donovani

    Peroxidases are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that have diverse biological functions. Ascorbate peroxidase is a redox enzyme that is reduced by trypanothione, which plays a central role in the redox defense system of Leishmania. In view of developing new and novel therapeutics, we performed in silico studies in order to search for a ligand library and identify new drug candidates and their physiological roles...

    Mohammad Kashif, Ankush Paladhi, Ranjeet Singh, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Sumit Kumar Hira, Partha Pratim Manna
  • Lack of the Major Multifunctional Catalase KatA in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Accelerates Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Ciprofloxacin-Treated Biofilms
    Mechanisms of Resistance
    Lack of the Major Multifunctional Catalase KatA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Accelerates Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Ciprofloxacin-Treated Biofilms

    During chronic biofilm infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are exposed to increased oxidative stress as a result of the inflammatory response. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mutagenic, the evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in biofilms under oxidative stress conditions was investigated.

    Marwa N. Ahmed, Andreas Porse, Ahmed Abdelsamad, Morten Sommer, Niels Høiby, Oana Ciofu
  • Rutin Attenuates Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats
    Pharmacology
    Rutin Attenuates Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats

    Nephrotoxicity is the major limiting factor for the clinical use of vancomycin (VCM) for treatment of serious infections caused by multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria. This study investigated the renal protective activity of rutin in a rat model of VCM-induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats.

    Shaoqi Qu, Cunchun Dai, Fengting Lang, Longfei Hu, Qihe Tang, Haixia Wang, Yanping Zhang, Zhihui Hao
  • Experimental Therapeutics
    Benefits of Ascorbic Acid in Association with Low-Dose Benznidazole in Treatment of Chagas Disease

    The acute phase of Chagas disease (CD) is characterized by high parasitic proliferation and intense inflammation, exacerbating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These reactive molecules are also increased by the metabolism of the nitroheterocyclic compounds benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox, the only drugs available for the treatment of CD.

    Maiara Voltarelli Providello, Zumira Aparecida Carneiro, Gisele Bulhões Portapilla, Gabriel Tavares do Vale, Ricardo Souza Camargo, Carlos Renato Tirapelli, Sérgio de Albuquerque
  • Experimental Therapeutics
    Artemisone and Artemiside Are Potent Panreactive Antimalarial Agents That Also Synergize Redox Imbalance in Plasmodium falciparum Transmissible Gametocyte Stages

    The emergence of resistance toward artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has the potential to severely compromise malaria control. Therefore, the development of new artemisinins in combination with new drugs that impart activities toward both intraerythrocytic proliferative asexual and transmissible gametocyte stages,...

    Dina Coertzen, Janette Reader, Mariëtte van der Watt, Sindisiwe H. Nondaba, Liezl Gibhard, Lubbe Wiesner, Peter Smith, Sarah D'Alessandro, Donatella Taramelli, Ho Ning Wong, Jan L. du Preez, Ronald Wai Keung Wu, Lyn-Marie Birkholtz, Richard K. Haynes
  • Pharmacology
    Pyocyanin Inhibits Chlamydia Infection by Disabling Infectivity of the Elementary Body and Disrupting Intracellular Growth
    Jian Lin Li, Ningjing Yang, Lei Huang, Dandan Chen, Yu Zhao, M. Matt Tang, Huizhou Fan, Xiaofeng Bao
  • Susceptibility
    Compounds with Potential Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    C. Sao Emani, M. J. Williams, I. J. Wiid, B. Baker, C. Carolis
  • Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    Role of smeU1VWU2X Operon in Alleviation of Oxidative Stresses and Occurrence of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim-Resistant Mutants in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Chao-Jung Wu, Tsu-Ting Chiu, Yi-Tsung Lin, Yi-Wei Huang, Li-Hua Li, Tsuey-Ching Yang
  • Pharmacology
    Methionine Ameliorates Polymyxin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Attenuating Cellular Oxidative Stress
    Mohammad A. K. Azad, Sivashangarie Sivanesan, Jiping Wang, Ke Chen, Roger L. Nation, Philip E. Thompson, Kade D. Roberts, Tony Velkov, Jian Li

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