pediatrics
PharmacologyDifferences in the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin between Oncology and Nononcology Pediatric PatientsDosing gentamicin in pediatric patients can be difficult due to its narrow therapeutic index. A significantly higher percentage of fat mass has been observed in children receiving oncology treatment than in those who are not. Differences in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin between oncology and nononcology pediatric patients and individual dosage requirements were evaluated in this study, using normal fat mass (NFM) as a body size...
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir after Valganciclovir Treatment in Children with Renal TransplantValganciclovir, the ganciclovir prodrug, is an antiviral agent administered orally to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. The valganciclovir dosing regimen in children is still controversial, as the number of patients reaching the area under the concentration-time curve at steady state (AUCss) target (40 to 60 mg·h/liter) remains highly variable.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and ChildrenPiperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.
PharmacologyRifampin Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Preterm and Term InfantsRifampin is active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal species and tuberculosis (TB). We performed a multicenter, prospective pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety study of intravenous rifampin in infants of <121 days postnatal age (PNA).
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric PatientThe most appropriate vancomycin dosing strategy in pediatric patients weighing ≥70 kg (weight based versus non-weight based) to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ≥400 mg·liter/h and a trough concentration of <20 mg/liter is not known. Population pharmacokinetic analysis determined that dosing of vancomycin should be weight based using fat-free mass, with appropriate adjustment for kidney dysfunction.
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PharmacologyCefepime Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement TherapyThis retrospective study included pediatric intensive care unit patients receiving continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) being treated with cefepime. The free drug concentration above one time the MIC (fT>1×MIC) and four times a presumed MIC (fT>4×MIC) of 8 μg/ml were calculated.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize DosingAmodiaquine plus artesunate is the recommended antimalarial treatment in many countries where malaria is endemic. However, pediatric doses are largely based on a linear extrapolation from adult doses.
- PharmacologyExternal Evaluation of a Gentamicin Infant Population Pharmacokinetic Model Using Data from a National Electronic Health Record Database
Gentamicin is a common antibiotic used in neonates and infants. A recently published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using data from multiple studies, and the objective of our analyses was to evaluate the feasibility of using a national electronic health record (EHR) database for further external evaluation of this model.
- Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Solithromycin following Intravenous and Oral Administration in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Solithromycin is a novel fluoroketolide antibiotic which was under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). A phase 1 study was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of solithromycin in children.