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pediatrics

  • Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin between Oncology and Nononcology Pediatric Patients
    Pharmacology
    Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin between Oncology and Nononcology Pediatric Patients

    Dosing gentamicin in pediatric patients can be difficult due to its narrow therapeutic index. A significantly higher percentage of fat mass has been observed in children receiving oncology treatment than in those who are not. Differences in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin between oncology and nononcology pediatric patients and individual dosage requirements were evaluated in this study, using normal fat mass (NFM) as a body size...

    C. C. Llanos-Paez, C. E. Staatz, R. Lawson, S. Hennig
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir after Valganciclovir Treatment in Children with Renal Transplant
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir after Valganciclovir Treatment in Children with Renal Transplant

    Valganciclovir, the ganciclovir prodrug, is an antiviral agent administered orally to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. The valganciclovir dosing regimen in children is still controversial, as the number of patients reaching the area under the concentration-time curve at steady state (AUCss) target (40 to 60 mg·h/liter) remains highly variable.

    A. Facchin, V. Elie, N. Benyoub, S. Magreault, A. Maisin, T. Storme, W. Zhao, G. Deschenes, E. Jacqz-Aigrain
  • Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children

    Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.

    Céline Thibault, Jean Lavigne, Catherine Litalien, Nastya Kassir, Yves Théorêt, Julie Autmizguine
  • Rifampin Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Preterm and Term Infants
    Pharmacology
    Rifampin Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Preterm and Term Infants

    Rifampin is active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal species and tuberculosis (TB). We performed a multicenter, prospective pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety study of intravenous rifampin in infants of <121 days postnatal age (PNA).

    P. Brian Smith, C. Michael Cotten, Mark L. Hudak, Janice E. Sullivan, Brenda B. Poindexter, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Felix Boakye-Agyeman, Andrew Lewandowski, Ravinder Anand, Daniel K. Benjamin, Matthew M. Laughon, on behalf of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
  • Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric Patient
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric Patient

    The most appropriate vancomycin dosing strategy in pediatric patients weighing ≥70 kg (weight based versus non-weight based) to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ≥400 mg·liter/h and a trough concentration of <20 mg/liter is not known. Population pharmacokinetic analysis determined that dosing of vancomycin should be weight based using fat-free mass, with appropriate adjustment for kidney dysfunction.

    ...
    Brady S. Moffett, Vijay Ivaturi, Jennifer Morris, Ayse Akcan Arikan, Ankhi Dutta
  • Cefepime Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
    Pharmacology
    Cefepime Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

    This retrospective study included pediatric intensive care unit patients receiving continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) being treated with cefepime. The free drug concentration above one time the MIC (fT>1×MIC) and four times a presumed MIC (fT>4×MIC) of 8 μg/ml were calculated.

    Gideon Stitt, Jennifer Morris, Lindsay Schmees, Joseph Angelo, Ayse Akcan Arikan
  • Open Access
    Population Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize Dosing
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize Dosing

    Amodiaquine plus artesunate is the recommended antimalarial treatment in many countries where malaria is endemic. However, pediatric doses are largely based on a linear extrapolation from adult doses.

    Ali Mohamed Ali, Melissa A. Penny, Thomas A. Smith, Lesley Workman, Philip Sasi, George O. Adjei, Francesca Aweeka, Jean-René Kiechel, Vincent Jullien, Marcus J. Rijken, Rose McGready, Julia Mwesigwa, Kim Kristensen, Kasia Stepniewska, Joel Tarning, Karen I. Barnes, Paolo Denti, for the WWARN Amodiaquine PK Study Group
  • Pharmacology
    External Evaluation of a Gentamicin Infant Population Pharmacokinetic Model Using Data from a National Electronic Health Record Database

    Gentamicin is a common antibiotic used in neonates and infants. A recently published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using data from multiple studies, and the objective of our analyses was to evaluate the feasibility of using a national electronic health record (EHR) database for further external evaluation of this model.

    Shufan Ge, Ryan J. Beechinor, Christoph P. Hornik, Joseph F. Standing, Kanecia Zimmerman, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Matthew M. Laughon, Reese Clark, Daniel Gonzalez
  • Clinical Therapeutics
    Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Solithromycin following Intravenous and Oral Administration in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

    Solithromycin is a novel fluoroketolide antibiotic which was under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). A phase 1 study was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of solithromycin in children.

    Daniel Gonzalez, Laura P. James, Amira Al-Uzri, Miroslava Bosheva, Felice C. Adler-Shohet, Susan R. Mendley, John S. Bradley, Claudia Espinosa, Eva Tsonkova, Kathryn Moffett, Lucila Marquez, Kari A. Simonsen, Stefan Stoilov, Felix Boakye-Agyeman, Theresa Jasion, Christoph P. Hornik, Robert Hernandez, Daniel K. Benjamin, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
    and on behalf of the SOLI-PEDS Program
  • Clinical Therapeutics
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefotaxime and Dosage Recommendations in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
    Elsa Maksoud, Berengere Koehl, Aude Facchin, Phuong Ha, Wei Zhao, Florentia Kaguelidou, Malika Benkerrou, Patricia Mariani, Albert Faye, Mathie Lorrot, Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain

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