pharmacokinetics
PharmacologyRace/Ethnicity and Protease Inhibitor Use Influence Plasma Tenofovir Exposure in Adults Living with HIV-1 in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202AIDS Clinical Trial Group study A5202 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00118898) was a phase 3b, randomized, partially blinded equivalence study of open-label atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz, plus either placebo-controlled tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine, in treatment-naive adults living with HIV-1, evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability. We report an analysis of the contribution of...
PharmacologyCefepime Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement TherapyThis retrospective study included pediatric intensive care unit patients receiving continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) being treated with cefepime. The free drug concentration above one time the MIC (fT>1×MIC) and four times a presumed MIC (fT>4×MIC) of 8 μg/ml were calculated.
PharmacologyAre Standard Dosing Regimens of Ceftriaxone Adapted for Critically Ill Patients with Augmented Creatinine Clearance?The objective of the present study was to determine whether augmented renal clearance (ARC) impacts negatively on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment in critically ill patients. Over a 9-month period, all critically ill patients treated with ceftriaxone were eligible.
Antiviral AgentsPharmacokinetics of Dapivirine Transfer into Blood Plasma, Breast Milk, and Cervicovaginal Fluid of Lactating Women Using the Dapivirine Vaginal RingBreastfeeding (BF) women are an important population for biomedical HIV prevention strategies, but they are rarely included in trials. The 25-mg dapivirine vaginal ring (VR) reduced women’s risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection in two phase 3 trials conducted in Africa.
Experimental TherapeuticsEvaluation of 4-Amino 2-Anilinoquinazolines against Plasmodium and Other Apicomplexan Parasites In Vitro and in a P. falciparum Humanized NOD-scid IL2Rγnull Mouse Model of MalariaA series of 4-amino 2-anilinoquinazolines optimized for activity against the most lethal malaria parasite of humans, Plasmodium falciparum, was evaluated for activity against other human Plasmodium parasites and related apicomplexans that infect humans and animals. Four of the most promising compounds from the 4-amino 2-anilinoquinazoline series were equally...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsMoxifloxacin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into Bronchial Secretions in Ward and Intensive Care Unit PatientsThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin (MXF) in serum and sputum/bronchial secretions of 22 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalized in the ward and intensive care unit (ICU). The data showed that ICU patients had lower concentrations in secretions (P = 0.01).
Experimental TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Murepavadin in Neutropenic Mouse ModelsMurepavadin (POL7080) represents the first member of a novel class of outer membrane protein-targeting antibiotics. It specifically interacts with LptD and inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport.
Clinical TherapeuticsA First-in-Human Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Study of Benapenem in Healthy Chinese VolunteersThe objective of this trial was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of benapenem administered by single or multiple intravenous infusions in healthy Chinese volunteers. The trial was divided into 3 parts.
Clinical TherapeuticsBone and Joint Tissue Penetration of the Staphylococcus-Selective Antibiotic Afabicin in Patients Undergoing Elective Hip Replacement SurgeryAfabicin (formerly Debio 1450, AFN-1720) is a prodrug of afabicin desphosphono (Debio 1452, AFN-1252), a novel antibiotic in development which targets the staphylococcal enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) and exhibits selective potent antibacterial activity against staphylococcal species, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As part of...
