pharmacokinetics
PharmacologyRandomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of EravacyclineEravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic with in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The pharmacokinetics (PK), urinary excretion, and safety/tolerability of intravenous (i.v.) eravacycline were evaluated in single- and multiple-ascending-dose studies.
PharmacologyPlasma and Intrapulmonary Concentrations of ETX2514 and Sulbactam following Intravenous Administration of ETX2514SUL to Healthy Adult SubjectsETX2514 is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor that broadly inhibits Ambler class A, C, and D β-lactamases. ETX2514 combined with sulbactam (SUL) in vitro restores sulbactam activity against Acinetobacter baumannii.
PharmacologyMeropenem Combined with Ciprofloxacin Combats Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Respiratory Infections of Cystic Fibrosis PatientsHypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections and have been associated with reduced lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF); these isolates can become resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the time course of bacterial killing and resistance of meropenem and ciprofloxacin in combination...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Artemether, Dihydroartemisinin, and Lumefantrine in Rwandese Pregnant Women Treated for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum MalariaThe artemisinin-based combination therapy artemether-lumefantrine is commonly used in pregnant malaria patients. However, the effect of pregnancy-related changes on exposure is unclear, and pregnancy has been associated with decreased efficacy in previous studies.
PharmacologyEffect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Efavirenz and Lumefantrine in HIV-Malaria CoinfectionArtemether-lumefantrine is often coadministered with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy for malaria treatment in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. Previous studies showed changes in lumefantrine pharmacokinetics due to interaction with efavirenz in nonpregnant adults.
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetic Analyses for Ertapenem in Subjects with a Wide Range of Body SizesDespite a number of studies reporting that ertapenem pharmacokinetic parameters differ considerably in obese patients from those in healthy volunteers, functions describing the relationships between this agent's pharmacokinetics and indicators of body size have not been developed. The aim of this analysis was to develop an ertapenem population pharmacokinetic model using data from a previously described study in normal-weight, obese,...
PharmacologyLocal Skin Inflammation in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis as a Source of Variable Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Efficacy of Liposomal Amphotericin BDisfiguring skin lesions caused by several species of the Leishmania parasite characterize cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Successful treatment of CL with intravenous (i.v.) liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) relies on the presence of adequate antibiotic concentrations at the dermal site of infection within the inflamed skin.
PharmacologyIncreased Doses Lead to Higher Drug Exposures of Levofloxacin for Treatment of TuberculosisPatients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Peru and South Africa were randomized to a weight-banded nominal dose of 11, 14, 17, or 20 mg/kg/day levofloxacin (minimum, 750 mg) in combination with other second-line agents. A total of 101 patients were included in noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses.
PharmacologyValidation of Heel Stick Microsampling To Optimize Micafungin Doses in Neonates and Young InfantsMajor gaps exist in our knowledge of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates and infants that require validated microsampling and bioanalysis methods to support therapeutic drug monitoring. We compared serially collected intravenous (i.v.) and heel stick capillary (HSC)-sampled plasma concentrations of micafungin (8 mg/kg) in eight infants born preterm with systemic candidiasis.
PharmacologyMicrodialysis Study of Aztreonam-Avibactam Distribution in Peritoneal Fluid and Muscle of Rats with or without Experimental PeritonitisThe purpose of this study was to investigate aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle interstitial fluid by microdialysis in rats, with or without peritonitis, and to compare the unbound concentrations in tissue with the unbound concentrations in blood. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular veins, hind leg muscles, and peritoneal cavities of control rats (n = 5) and rats...