pharmacokinetics
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Artemether, Dihydroartemisinin, and Lumefantrine in Rwandese Pregnant Women Treated for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum MalariaThe artemisinin-based combination therapy artemether-lumefantrine is commonly used in pregnant malaria patients. However, the effect of pregnancy-related changes on exposure is unclear, and pregnancy has been associated with decreased efficacy in previous studies.
PharmacologyEffect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Efavirenz and Lumefantrine in HIV-Malaria CoinfectionArtemether-lumefantrine is often coadministered with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy for malaria treatment in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. Previous studies showed changes in lumefantrine pharmacokinetics due to interaction with efavirenz in nonpregnant adults.
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetic Analyses for Ertapenem in Subjects with a Wide Range of Body SizesDespite a number of studies reporting that ertapenem pharmacokinetic parameters differ considerably in obese patients from those in healthy volunteers, functions describing the relationships between this agent's pharmacokinetics and indicators of body size have not been developed. The aim of this analysis was to develop an ertapenem population pharmacokinetic model using data from a previously described study in normal-weight, obese,...
Experimental TherapeuticsSignificantly Improved Pharmacokinetics Enhances In Vivo Efficacy of APX001 against Echinocandin- and Multidrug-Resistant Candida Isolates in a Mouse Model of Invasive CandidiasisAPX001 is a first-in-class, intravenous and orally available, broad-spectrum antifungal agent in clinical development for the treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections. The half-life of APX001A, the active moiety of APX001, is significantly shorter in mice than in humans (1.4 to 2.75 h in mice versus 2 to 2.5 days in humans), making the exploration of efficacy in mouse models difficult.
- Clinical Therapeuticsβ-Lactam Dosage Regimens in Septic Patients with Augmented Renal Clearance...
Augmented renal clearance is commonly observed in septic patients and may result in insufficient β-lactam serum concentrations. The aims of this study were to evaluate potential correlations between drug concentrations or total body clearance of β-lactam antibiotics and measured creatinine clearance and to quantify the need for drug dosage adjustments in septic patients with different levels of augmented renal clearance.
- Antiviral AgentsBioequivalence of a Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of the Complete Two-Drug Regimen of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
A complete 2-drug regimen of dolutegravir at 50 mg and rilpivirine at 25 mg was approved to treat HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed patients after demonstrating acceptable efficacy and tolerability. This study investigated the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of the fixed-dose combination tablet compared with those of separate tablets.
- Clinical TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics of a Pediatric Tribendimidine Dose-Finding Study To Treat Hookworm Infection in African Children
Tribendimidine is a broad-spectrum anthelminthic available in China, which is currently being pursued for U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for soil-transmitted helminth infections.
- Experimental TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Murepavadin, a Novel Antipseudomonal Antibiotic, in Subjects with Mild, Moderate, or Severe Renal Function Impairment
This open-label, nonrandomized, single-dose, phase 1 study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of murepavadin, a novel peptide antibiotic for the treatment of serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The study was conducted in 32 subjects of either sex in 4 groups (up to 8 per group) with mild (group 1), moderate (group 2), and severe (group 3) renal function...
- Antiviral AgentsClinical Regimens of Favipiravir Inhibit Zika Virus Replication in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with serious, long-term neurological manifestations. There are currently no approved therapies for the treatment or prevention of ZIKV infection.
- Experimental TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics and Comprehensive Analysis of the Tissue Distribution of Eravacycline in Rabbits
Eravacycline (7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline or TP-434) is a novel, fully synthetic broad-spectrum fluorocycline with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobes, and multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. We characterized the plasma pharmacokinetics of eravacycline and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the...