pharmacokinetics
MinireviewA Guide to Understanding Antimicrobial Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy...A careful management of antimicrobials is essential in the critically ill with acute kidney injury, especially if renal replacement therapy is required. Acute kidney injury may lead per se to clinically significant modifications of drugs’ pharmacokinetic parameters, and the need for renal replacement therapy represents a further variable that should be considered to avoid inappropriate antimicrobial therapy.
PharmacologySequential Open-Label Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine and Mefloquine in Healthy Thai AdultsArtemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have contributed substantially to the global decline in Plasmodium falciparum morbidity and mortality, but resistance to artemisinins and their partner drugs is increasing in Southeast Asia, threatening malaria control. New antimalarial compounds will not be generally available soon.
PharmacologyIn Vivo Pharmacodynamic Profile of Ceftibuten-Clavulanate Combination against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Murine Thigh Infection ModelCeftibuten-clavulanate (CTB-CLA) is a novel β-lactam–β-lactamase combination with potential utility for the management of urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. We examined the pharmacodynamics of the combination against 25 Enterobacteriaceae expressing β-lactamases (CTX-M, TEM, and SHV wild types and SHV-ESBL) in...
PharmacologyUsing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Predict Fluoroquinolone Treatment ResponseClinical phenotypic fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently based on M. tuberculosis growth at a single critical concentration, which provides limited information for a nuanced clinical response. We propose using specific resistance-conferring...
Editor's Pick PharmacologyIn Vivo Efficacy of WCK 5222 (Cefepime-Zidebactam) against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Neutropenic Murine Thigh Infection ModelWe describe the in vivo efficacy of human-simulated WCK 5222 (cefepime-zidebactam) exposure against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (meropenem MICs 8 to >256 μg/ml) in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. WCK 5222 MICs ranged from 4 to 32 μg/ml.
PharmacologyCeftriaxone and Cefotaxime Have Similar Effects on the Intestinal Microbiota in Human Volunteers Treated by Standard-Dose RegimensCeftriaxone has a higher biliary elimination than cefotaxime (40% versus 10%), which may result in a more pronounced impact on the intestinal microbiota. We performed a monocenter, randomized open-label clinical trial in 22 healthy volunteers treated by intravenous ceftriaxone (1 g/24 h) or cefotaxime (1 g/8 h) for 3 days.
Clinical TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics of Caspofungin in Critically Ill Patients in Relation to Liver Dysfunction: Differential Impact of Plasma Albumin and Bilirubin LevelsCaspofungin has a liver-dependent metabolism. Reduction of the dose is recommended based on Child-Pugh (C-P) score.
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetic Study of Prophylactic Fluconazole in Preterm Infants for Prevention of Invasive CandidiasisFluconazole is an antifungal agent with reported evidence for its prophylactic effect against systemic fungal infection in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to build a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenous and oral fluconazole in preterm infants with the current prophylactic fluconazole dosing regimen.
PharmacologyNo Dose Adjustment for Isavuconazole Based on Age or Sex...This phase 1, open-label, single-dose, parallel-group study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of isavuconazole after a single oral dose of the prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate in healthy nonelderly (age, 18 to 45 years) and elderly (age, ≥65 years) males and females. Overall, 48 subjects were enrolled in the study (n = 12 each in groups of nonelderly males and females and elderly males and females).
PharmacologyLow Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in HIV-Tuberculosis-Coinfected Adults with Low Body Weight: Is It Time To Update Dosing Guidelines?Antituberculosis drugs display large pharmacokinetic variability, which may be influenced by several factors, including body size, genetic differences, and drug-drug interactions. We set out to determine these factors, quantify their effect, and determine the dose adjustments necessary for optimal drug concentrations.