pharmacokinetics
PharmacologyEffects of Food and Omeprazole on a Novel Formulation of Super Bioavailability Itraconazole in Healthy SubjectsTo address the limited bioavailability and intolerance of the conventional itraconazole (ITZ) formulations, a new formulation labeled super bioavailability (SUBA) itraconazole has been developed; however, the specific effects of food and gastric pH are unknown. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of SUBA itraconazole under fasting...
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetic Model and Limited Sampling Strategies for Personalized Dosing of Levofloxacin in Tuberculosis PatientsLevofloxacin is an antituberculosis drug with substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic variability; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could therefore be helpful to improve treatment results. TDM would be more feasible with limited sampling strategies (LSSs), a method to estimate the area under the concentration curve for the 24-h dosing interval (AUC0–24) by using a limited number of samples.
Clinical TherapeuticsEffect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tuberculosis TreatmentDiabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are two common diseases with increasing geographic overlap and clinical interactions. The effect of DM and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of anti-TB drugs remains poorly characterized.
PharmacologyRandomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of EravacyclineEravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic with in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The pharmacokinetics (PK), urinary excretion, and safety/tolerability of intravenous (i.v.) eravacycline were evaluated in single- and multiple-ascending-dose studies.
PharmacologyPlasma and Intrapulmonary Concentrations of ETX2514 and Sulbactam following Intravenous Administration of ETX2514SUL to Healthy Adult SubjectsETX2514 is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor that broadly inhibits Ambler class A, C, and D β-lactamases. ETX2514 combined with sulbactam (SUL) in vitro restores sulbactam activity against Acinetobacter baumannii.
PharmacologyMeropenem Combined with Ciprofloxacin Combats Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Respiratory Infections of Cystic Fibrosis PatientsHypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections and have been associated with reduced lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF); these isolates can become resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the time course of bacterial killing and resistance of meropenem and ciprofloxacin in combination...
SusceptibilityMinocycline Has No Clear Role in the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus DiseaseMycobacterium abscessus causes a difficult-to-treat pulmonary disease (MAb-PD). After initial intravenous treatment, minocycline is recommended in the oral continuation phase of treatment.
Clinical TherapeuticsSingle-Center Pharmacokinetic Study and Simulation of a Low Meropenem Concentration in Brain-Dead Organ DonorsMeropenem is an ultrabroad-spectrum antibiotic of the carbapenem family. In brain-dead organ donors, administration of standard meropenem dosages does not reach therapeutic levels.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Artemether, Dihydroartemisinin, and Lumefantrine in Rwandese Pregnant Women Treated for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum MalariaThe artemisinin-based combination therapy artemether-lumefantrine is commonly used in pregnant malaria patients. However, the effect of pregnancy-related changes on exposure is unclear, and pregnancy has been associated with decreased efficacy in previous studies.
PharmacologyEffect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Efavirenz and Lumefantrine in HIV-Malaria CoinfectionArtemether-lumefantrine is often coadministered with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy for malaria treatment in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. Previous studies showed changes in lumefantrine pharmacokinetics due to interaction with efavirenz in nonpregnant adults.