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pharmacokinetics

  • Ceftolozane Pharmacokinetics in a Septic Critically Ill Patient under Different Extracorporeal Replacement Therapies
    Letter to the Editor
    Ceftolozane Pharmacokinetics in a Septic Critically Ill Patient under Different Extracorporeal Replacement Therapies
    Nieves Carbonell, Gerardo Aguilar, Rafael Ferriols, Rotzel Huerta, José Ferreres, Marisa Calabuig, Mar Juan, Carlos Ezquer, Javier Colomina, M. Luisa Blasco
  • Meropenem-Tobramycin Combination Regimens Combat Carbapenem-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model Simulating Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients
    Pharmacology
    Meropenem-Tobramycin Combination Regimens Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model Simulating Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients

    Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with subtherapeutic concentrations of renally eliminated antibiotics. We investigated the impact of ARC on bacterial killing and resistance amplification for meropenem and tobramycin regimens in monotherapy and combination. Two carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates...

    Rajbharan Yadav, Phillip J. Bergen, Kate E. Rogers, Carl M. J. Kirkpatrick, Steven C. Wallis, Yuling Huang, Jürgen B. Bulitta, David L. Paterson, Jeffrey Lipman, Roger L. Nation, Jason A. Roberts, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
  • Target-Controlled Infusion of Cefepime in Critically Ill Patients
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Target-Controlled Infusion of Cefepime in Critically Ill Patients

    Attainment of appropriate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) targets for antimicrobial treatment is challenging in critically ill patients, particularly for cefepime, which exhibits a relative narrow therapeutic-toxic window compared to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems, which deliver drugs to achieve specific target drug concentrations, have successfully been implemented for improved dosing of...

    Stijn Jonckheere, Nikolaas De Neve, Jan Verbeke, Koen De Decker, Inger Brandt, An Boel, Jan Van Bocxlaer, Michel M. R. F. Struys, Pieter J. Colin
  • Pharmacokinetics of Telavancin in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis during Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation
    Pharmacology
    Pharmacokinetics of Telavancin in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis during Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation

    Adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently harbor Staphylococcus aureus, which is increasingly antibiotic resistant. Telavancin is a once-daily rapidly bactericidal antibiotic active against methicillin-, linezolid-, and ceftaroline-resistant S. aureus. Because CF patients experience alterations in...

    James M. Kidd, Colleen M. Sakon, Louise-Marie Oleksiuk, Jeffrey J. Cies, Rebecca S. Pettit, David P. Nicolau, Joseph L. Kuti
  • Open Access
    A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Guided Evaluation of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration
    Pharmacology
    A Population Pharmacokinetic Model-Guided Evaluation of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration

    The aim of this work was to describe optimized dosing regimens of ceftolozane-tazobactam for critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). We conducted a prospective observational pharmacokinetic study in adult critically ill patients with clinical indications for ceftolozane-tazobactam and CVVHDF. Unbound drug concentrations were measured from serial prefilter blood, postfilter blood, and...

    Fekade B. Sime, Melissa Lassig-Smith, Therese Starr, Janine Stuart, Saurabh Pandey, Suzanne L. Parker, Steven C. Wallis, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason A. Roberts
  • Open Access
    Intracellular Pharmacodynamic Modeling Is Predictive of the Clinical Activity of Fluoroquinolones against Tuberculosis
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Intracellular Pharmacodynamic Modeling Is Predictive of the Clinical Activity of Fluoroquinolones against Tuberculosis

    Clinical studies of new antitubercular drugs are costly and time-consuming. Owing to the extensive tuberculosis (TB) treatment periods, the ability to identify drug candidates based on their predicted clinical efficacy is vital to accelerate the pipeline of new therapies. Recent failures of preclinical models in predicting the activity of fluoroquinolones underline the importance of developing new and more robust predictive tools that...

    Samantha Donnellan, Ghaith Aljayyoussi, Emmanuel Moyo, Alison Ardrey, Carmen Martinez-Rodriguez, Stephen A. Ward, Giancarlo A. Biagini
  • Modeling and Simulation of Pretomanid Pharmacodynamics in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
    Pharmacology
    Modeling and Simulation of Pretomanid Pharmacodynamics in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

    Pretomanid (PA-824) is a nitroimidazole in clinical testing for the treatment of tuberculosis. A population pharmacodynamic model for pretomanid was developed using a Bayesian analysis of efficacy data from two early bactericidal activity (EBA) studies, PA-824-CL-007 and PA-824-CL-010, conducted in Cape Town, South Africa.

    Michael A. Lyons
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline in Children
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline in Children

    Doxycycline is a tetracycline-class antimicrobial labeled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for children >8 years of age for many common childhood infections. Doxycycline is not labeled for children ≤8 years of age, due to the association between tetracycline-class antibiotics and tooth staining, although doxycycline may be used off-label under severe conditions.

    Elizabeth J. Thompson, Huali Wu, Chiara Melloni, Stephen Balevic, Janice E. Sullivan, Matthew Laughon, Kira M. Clark, Rohit Kalra, Susan Mendley, Elizabeth H. Payne, Jinson Erinjeri, Casey E. Gelber, Barrie Harper, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Christoph P. Hornik
  • Pharmacokinetics and Dialytic Clearance of Isavuconazole during <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em> Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Pharmacokinetics and Dialytic Clearance of Isavuconazole during In Vitro and In Vivo Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

    The pharmacokinetics (PK) and dialytic clearance of isavuconazole in vitro and in 7 solid-organ transplant patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were evaluated.

    M. Biagi, D. Butler, X. Tan, S. Qasmieh, K. Tejani, S. Patel, R. M. Rivosecchi, M. H. Nguyen, C. J. Clancy, R. K. Shields, E. Wenzler
  • Observational, Prospective Single-Center Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis with High-Dose Cefoxitin in Bariatric Surgery
    Pharmacology
    Observational, Prospective Single-Center Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis with High-Dose Cefoxitin in Bariatric Surgery

    The optimal dose of cefoxitin for antibiotic prophylaxis in obese patients remains uncertain. We evaluated the adequacy of a 4-g dosing regimen of cefoxitin against the most common pathogens that infect patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This observational prospective study included obese patients who required bariatric surgery and a 4-g dose of cefoxitin as an antibiotic prophylaxis. Serum concentrations were measured during...

    Thibaut Belveyre, Philippe Guerci, Elise Pape, Nathalie Thilly, Kossar Hosseini, Laurent Brunaud, Nicolas Gambier, Claude Meistelman, Marie-Reine Losser, Julien Birckener, Julien Scala-Bertola, Emmanuel Novy

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