PK/PD
Clinical TherapeuticsOral Fosfomycin Efficacy with Variable Urinary Exposures following Single and Multiple Doses against Enterobacterales: the Importance of Heteroresistance for Growth OutcomeOral fosfomycin trometamol is licensed as a single oral dose for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, with activity against multidrug-resistant uropathogens. The impact of interindividual variability in urinary concentrations on antimicrobial efficacy, and any benefit of giving multiple doses, is uncertain.
PharmacologyKinetic Driver of Antibacterial Drugs against Plasmodium falciparum and Implications for Clinical DosingAntibacterial drugs are an important component of malaria therapy. We studied the interactions of clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin against Plasmodium falciparum under static and dynamic conditions. In microtiter plate assays (static conditions), and as expected, parasites displayed the delayed death response characteristic for apicoplast-...
Experimental TherapeuticsIn Vivo Pharmacodynamic Study of Cefiderocol, a Novel Parenteral Siderophore Cephalosporin, in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection ModelsThe pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters which correlated with the in vivo efficacy of cefiderocol were evaluated using neutropenic murine thigh and lung infection models in which the infections were caused by a variety of Gram-negative bacilli.
PharmacologyComparative Performance of Urinary Biomarkers for Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury According to Timeline of InjuryUrinary biomarkers are superior to serum creatinine for defining onset and extent of kidney injury. This study classifies the temporal predictive ability of biomarkers for vancomycin-induced kidney injury (VIKI) as defined by histopathologic damage.
Experimental TherapeuticsDalbavancin Alone and in Combination with Ceftaroline against Four Different Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus in a Simulated Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic ModelGlycopeptides such as vancomycin have been used as the first-line therapy against MRSA infections for over half a century. Reduced susceptibility and emergence of resistance to first-generation glycopeptides has led to development of second-generation lipoglycopeptide derivatives such as dalbavancin which hold broader ranges of activity and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties.
MinireviewDose Selection and Validation for Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Adults with Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections, Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, and Nosocomial PneumoniaAvibactam is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that has been approved in combination with ceftazidime for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infections, and nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. In Europe, ceftazidime-avibactam is also approved for the treatment of Gram-negative infections with limited treatment options.
- Experimental TherapeuticsInfluence of Inoculum Effect on the Efficacy of Daptomycin Monotherapy and in Combination with β-Lactams against Daptomycin-Susceptible Enterococcus faecium Harboring LiaSR Substitutions
Enterococcus faecium isolates that harbor LiaFSR substitutions but are phenotypically susceptible to daptomycin (DAP) by current breakpoints are problematic, since predisposition to resistance may lead to therapeutic failure. Using a simulated endocardial vegetation (SEV) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model, we investigated DAP regimens (6, 8, and 10 mg/kg...