plasmid
Epidemiology and SurveillanceEpidemic Territorial Spread of IncP-2-Type VIM-2 Carbapenemase-Encoding Megaplasmids in Nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa PopulationsIn 2003 to 2004, the first five VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPPA) isolates with an In4-like integron, In461 (aadB-blaVIM-2-aadA6), on conjugative plasmids were identified in three hospitals in Poland. In 2005 to 2015, MPPA expanded much in the country, and as many as 80 isolates in a...
Mechanisms of ResistanceRapid Increase of CTX-M-Producing Shigella sonnei Isolates in Switzerland Due to Spread of Common Plasmids and International ClonesThe Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (ANRESIS) has recently noted an increase of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Shigella sonnei isolates nationwide (3.8% in 2016 versus 37.5% in 2019). To understand this phenomenon, we analyzed 25 representative isolates (of which 14 were ESC-R) collected in Switzerland during 2016 to 2019. Whole-genome...
Mechanisms of ResistanceCRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Carbapenemase Gene and Plasmid Curing in Carbapenem-Resistant EnterobacteriaceaeCombating plasmid-mediated carbapenem resistance is essential to control and prevent the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Here, we conducted a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated resistance gene and plasmid curing can effectively resensitize CRE to carbapenems. A novel CRISPR-Cas9-mediated plasmid-curing system (pCasCure) was developed and electrotransferred into...
Mechanisms of ResistanceCharacterization of FosL1, a Plasmid-Encoded Fosfomycin Resistance Protein Identified in Escherichia coliFosfomycin is gaining renewed interest for treating urinary tract infections. Monitoring fosfomycin resistance is therefore important in order to detect the emergence of novel resistance mechanisms. Here, we used the Rapid Fosfomycin NP test to screen a collection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Switzerland and found a...
Mechanisms of ResistanceFirst Occurrence of the OXA-198 Carbapenemase in EnterobacteralesA carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter sp. was recovered from routine screening of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This isolate coproduced OXA-48 and OXA-198. OXA-48 was carried by the prototypical IncL plasmid, whereas OXA-198 was carried by a peculiar IncHI-type plasmid. This carbapenemase gene was inserted within a class 1 integron located on a conjugative plasmid. This report describes the first occurrence of OXA-198 in ...
Editor's Pick Mechanisms of ResistanceTransferable Multidrug-Resistance Plasmid Carrying a Novel Macrolide-Clindamycin Resistance Gene, erm(50), in Cutibacterium acnesAntimicrobial-resistant Cutibacterium acnes strains have emerged and disseminated throughout the world. The 23S rRNA mutation and erm(X) gene are known as the major resistance determinants of macrolides and clindamycin in C. acnes. We isolated eight high-level macrolide-clindamycin-resistant C. acnes strains with no known resistance...
Mechanisms of ResistanceEvolution of a 72-Kilobase Cointegrant, Conjugative Multiresistance Plasmid in Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Early 1990sHorizontal transfer of plasmids encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants has been instrumental in Staphylococcus aureus evolution, including the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). In the early 1990s, the first CA-MRSA strain isolated in...
Editor's Pick Mechanisms of ResistanceConjugative Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for the Selective Depletion of Antibiotic-Resistant EnterococciThe innovation of new therapies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is being outpaced by the continued rise of MDR bacterial infections. Of particular concern are hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) that are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapies. The Gram-positive intestinal pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis is associated with HAIs, and some strains are MDR....
Mechanisms of ResistancePlasmid-Mediated mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Black Kite in RussiaThe gene mcr-1 conferring resistance to last-line antibiotic colistin has been reported globally. Here, we describe the first detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Russian wildlife, an isolate of Escherichia coli sequence type 2280 from a black kite (Milvus migrans) scavenging raptor. Whole-genome sequencing and plasmid transferability...
