population pharmacokinetics
PharmacologyTenofovir Plasma Concentration from Preexposure Prophylaxis at the Time of Potential HIV Exposure: a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study Involving Serodiscordant Couples in East AfricaThe Partners Demonstration Project was a prospective, open-label, implementation science-driven study of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda. Adherence data were collected using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), and time of sexual activity was collected using the mobile phone short message service (SMS). Two plasma samples were collected at a single study visit....
Clinical TherapeuticsFluoroquinolones in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Culture Conversion and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment To Guide Dose SelectionFluoroquinolones are group A drugs in tuberculosis guidelines. We aim to compare the culture conversion between new-generation (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) and old-generation (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) fluoroquinolones, develop pharmacokinetic models, and calculate target attainment for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. We included three U.S. tuberculosis centers.
Clinical TherapeuticsLimited Sampling Strategies Using Linear Regression and the Bayesian Approach for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Moxifloxacin in Tuberculosis PatientsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of moxifloxacin is recommended to improve the response to tuberculosis treatment and reduce acquired drug resistance. Limited sampling strategies (LSSs) are able to reduce the burden of TDM by using a small number of appropriately timed samples to estimate the parameter of interest, the area under the concentration-time curve.
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetic Modeling of VL-2397, a Novel Systemic Antifungal Agent: Analysis of a Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose Study in Healthy SubjectsVL-2397, a novel, systemic antifungal agent, has potent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity against Aspergillus species. Plasma concentrations from a phase 1 study were used to construct a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for VL-2397.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Imipenem in Children with Hematological MalignanciesImipenem is widely used for the treatment of children with serious infections. Currently, studies on the pharmacokinetics of imipenem in children with hematological malignancies are lacking.
PharmacologyRifampin Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Preterm and Term InfantsRifampin is active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal species and tuberculosis (TB). We performed a multicenter, prospective pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety study of intravenous rifampin in infants of <121 days postnatal age (PNA).
PharmacologyExternal Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Vancomycin in Large Cohorts of Intensive Care Unit PatientsDosing of vancomycin is often guided by therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in the intensive care unit (ICU). The validity of these models is crucial, as ICU patients have marked pharmacokinetic variability.
PharmacologyRevising Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing Accounting for Nephrotoxicity in a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic ModelThis study aimed to suggest an initial pediatric vancomycin dose regimen through population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze vancomycin concentration-time data from a large pediatric cohort.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing in the Large Pediatric PatientThe most appropriate vancomycin dosing strategy in pediatric patients weighing ≥70 kg (weight based versus non-weight based) to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ≥400 mg·liter/h and a trough concentration of <20 mg/liter is not known. Population pharmacokinetic analysis determined that dosing of vancomycin should be weight based using fat-free mass, with appropriate adjustment for kidney dysfunction.
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PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics with Monte Carlo Simulations of Gentamicin in a Population of Severely Ill Adult Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa...In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), gentamicin is commonly used for severe infections in non-intensive-care-unit (ICU) settings, but pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for this specific population are lacking. We performed a population pharmacokinetic study in an adult Mozambican non-ICU hospital population treated with gentamicin (n = 48) and developed a pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling.