population pharmacokinetics
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Isavuconazole in Solid-Organ Transplant RecipientsIsavuconazole (ISA) is a triazole antifungal with activity against yeasts and molds. We established a population pharmacokinetic (pop PK) model of intravenous (i.v.) ISA to identify covariates that affect pharmacokinetics, using plasma samples from solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients receiving peritransplant prophylaxis. Samples (n = 471) from 79 SOT recipients were utilized for pop PK analysis using nonlinear mixed-effect...
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics of Ethambutol in Adult Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis and HIVThis study aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of ethambutol in tuberculosis-HIV-coinfected adult patients. Ethambutol plasma concentrations, determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in 63 patients receiving ethambutol as part of rifampin-based fixed-dose combination therapy for tuberculosis were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling.
Clinical TherapeuticsPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir after Valganciclovir Treatment in Children with Renal TransplantValganciclovir, the ganciclovir prodrug, is an antiviral agent administered orally to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. The valganciclovir dosing regimen in children is still controversial, as the number of patients reaching the area under the concentration-time curve at steady state (AUCss) target (40 to 60 mg·h/liter) remains highly variable.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and ChildrenPiperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Unbound Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients without Renal DysfunctionEvaluation of dosing regimens for critically ill patients requires pharmacokinetic data in this population. This prospective observational study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of unbound ceftolozane and tazobactam in critically ill patients without renal impairment and to assess the adequacy of recommended dosing regimens for treatment of systemic infections. Patients received 1.5 or 3.0 g ceftolozane-tazobactam...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetic Study of Cefazolin Dosage Adaptation in Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis Based on a Nomogram...Optimal dosing of continuous-infusion cefazolin can be challenging in patients being treated for bacteremia or infective endocarditis. The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in those patients using a population pharmacokinetics modeling approach and to establish a nomogram to determine the optimal daily dose. Population pharmacokinetics were modeled using the Pmetrics package for R.
PharmacologyTenofovir Plasma Concentration from Preexposure Prophylaxis at the Time of Potential HIV Exposure: a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study Involving Serodiscordant Couples in East AfricaThe Partners Demonstration Project was a prospective, open-label, implementation science-driven study of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda. Adherence data were collected using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), and time of sexual activity was collected using the mobile phone short message service (SMS). Two plasma samples were collected at a single study visit....
Clinical TherapeuticsFluoroquinolones in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Culture Conversion and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment To Guide Dose SelectionFluoroquinolones are group A drugs in tuberculosis guidelines. We aim to compare the culture conversion between new-generation (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) and old-generation (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) fluoroquinolones, develop pharmacokinetic models, and calculate target attainment for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. We included three U.S. tuberculosis centers.
Clinical TherapeuticsLimited Sampling Strategies Using Linear Regression and the Bayesian Approach for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Moxifloxacin in Tuberculosis PatientsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of moxifloxacin is recommended to improve the response to tuberculosis treatment and reduce acquired drug resistance. Limited sampling strategies (LSSs) are able to reduce the burden of TDM by using a small number of appropriately timed samples to estimate the parameter of interest, the area under the concentration-time curve.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Imipenem in Children with Hematological MalignanciesImipenem is widely used for the treatment of children with serious infections. Currently, studies on the pharmacokinetics of imipenem in children with hematological malignancies are lacking.