pregnancy
Clinical TherapeuticsRandomized Controlled Trial of the Electrocardiographic Effects of Four Antimalarials for Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar BorderQuinoline antimalarials cause drug-induced electrocardiograph QT prolongation, a potential risk factor for torsade de pointes. The effects of currently used antimalarials on the electrocardiogram (ECG) were assessed in pregnant women with malaria.
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil FumaratePharmacokinetics of drugs can be affected by physiologic changes during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the influence of covariates on tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetics in pregnant and postpartum women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).
Antiviral AgentsInvestigational Antiviral Therapy Models for the Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection during PregnancyCongenital cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may cause significant fetal malformation, lifelong disease, and, in severe cases, fetal or neonatal death. Placental infection with HCMV is the major mechanism of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and fetal injury. Thus, any pharmaceutical antiviral interference to reduce viral load may reduce placental damage, MTCT, and fetal disease. However, there is currently no licensed HCMV antiviral...
Antiviral AgentsEfficacy of Three Antiretroviral Regimens Initiated during Pregnancy: Clinical Experience in Rio de JaneiroFew studies have compared the clinical efficacy and adverse events of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens in pregnant women seeking obstetrical care. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy (virus load response), adverse events, and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of three different regimens of cART in HIV-infected pregnant women initiating treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a retrospective...
Clinical TherapeuticsPiperaquine Exposure Is Altered by Pregnancy, HIV, and Nutritional Status in Ugandan WomenDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) provides highly effective therapy and chemoprevention for malaria in pregnant African women. PQ concentrations of >10.3 ng/ml have been associated with reduced maternal parasitemia, placental malaria, and improved birth outcomes. We characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of PQ in a post hoc analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected pregnant...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicumAn estimated 40 million women of reproductive age are infected with one of three species of the waterborne parasite Schistosoma spp. Treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is the mainstay of schistosomiasis control for populations living in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant and lactating women be included in schistosomiasis MDA programs, and...
PharmacologyFosamprenavir with Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics during PregnancyThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir during pregnancy and postpartum. Amprenavir (the active moiety of fosamprenavir) and ritonavir intensive pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed at steady state during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. Plasma concentrations of amprenavir and ritonavir were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography....
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol in Pregnant South African Women with Tuberculosis and HIVTuberculosis is an important cause of maternal morbidity, but little is known about the effects of pregnancy on antituberculosis drug concentrations. We developed population pharmacokinetic models to describe drug dispositions of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in pregnant women with tuberculosis and HIV. HIV-positive pregnant women with tuberculosis receiving standard first-line tuberculosis treatment and participating in...
Clinical TherapeuticsA Randomized Controlled Trial of Three- versus Five-Day Artemether-Lumefantrine Regimens for Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Pregnancy in AfricaArtemether-lumefantrine antimalarial efficacy in pregnancy could be compromised by reduced drug exposure. Population-based simulations suggested that therapeutic efficacy would be improved if the treatment duration was increased.
PharmacologyEvaluation of Fetal and Maternal Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury during Pregnancy in a Rat ModelPrevious literature suggests that maternal vancomycin crosses the placental barrier to the fetus. Further, early animal studies indicated that kidney injury was not observed in the progeny. These studies were conducted prior to the availability of sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Therefore, a previous finding of no renal damage to the infant may be misleading.