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pregnancy

  • Open Access
    Randomized Controlled Trial of the Electrocardiographic Effects of Four Antimalarials for Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Randomized Controlled Trial of the Electrocardiographic Effects of Four Antimalarials for Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border

    Quinoline antimalarials cause drug-induced electrocardiograph QT prolongation, a potential risk factor for torsade de pointes. The effects of currently used antimalarials on the electrocardiogram (ECG) were assessed in pregnant women with malaria.

    Makoto Saito, Widi Yotyingaphiram, Zillah Cargill, Mary Ellen Gilder, Aung Myat Min, Aung Pyae Phyo, Thi Dar San, Hilda Poe, Cindy Chu, Nicholas J. White, François Nosten, Rose McGready
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

    Pharmacokinetics of drugs can be affected by physiologic changes during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the influence of covariates on tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetics in pregnant and postpartum women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).

    Ahizechukwu C. Eke, Kensuke Shoji, Brookie M. Best, Jeremiah D. Momper, Alice M. Stek, Tim R. Cressey, Mark Mirochnick, Edmund V. Capparelli
    and on behalf of the IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team
  • Investigational Antiviral Therapy Models for the Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy
    Antiviral Agents
    Investigational Antiviral Therapy Models for the Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy

    Congenital cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may cause significant fetal malformation, lifelong disease, and, in severe cases, fetal or neonatal death. Placental infection with HCMV is the major mechanism of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and fetal injury. Thus, any pharmaceutical antiviral interference to reduce viral load may reduce placental damage, MTCT, and fetal disease. However, there is currently no licensed HCMV antiviral...

    Stuart T. Hamilton, Manfred Marschall, William D. Rawlinson
  • Efficacy of Three Antiretroviral Regimens Initiated during Pregnancy: Clinical Experience in Rio de Janeiro
    Antiviral Agents
    Efficacy of Three Antiretroviral Regimens Initiated during Pregnancy: Clinical Experience in Rio de Janeiro

    Few studies have compared the clinical efficacy and adverse events of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens in pregnant women seeking obstetrical care. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy (virus load response), adverse events, and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of three different regimens of cART in HIV-infected pregnant women initiating treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a retrospective...

    Maria de Lourdes Benamor Teixeira, Trevon L. Fuller, Maria Isabel Fragoso Da Silveira Gouvêa, Maria Letícia Santos Cruz, Loredana Ceci, Fellipe Pinheiro Lattanzi, Leon Claude Sidi, Wallace Mendes-Silva, Karin Nielsen-Saines, Esau Custodio Joao
  • Piperaquine Exposure Is Altered by Pregnancy, HIV, and Nutritional Status in Ugandan Women
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Piperaquine Exposure Is Altered by Pregnancy, HIV, and Nutritional Status in Ugandan Women

    Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) provides highly effective therapy and chemoprevention for malaria in pregnant African women. PQ concentrations of >10.3 ng/ml have been associated with reduced maternal parasitemia, placental malaria, and improved birth outcomes. We characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of PQ in a post hoc analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected pregnant...

    Emma Hughes, Marjorie Imperial, Erika Wallender, Richard Kajubi, Liusheng Huang, Prasanna Jagannathan, Nan Zhang, Abel Kakuru, Paul Natureeba, Moses W. Mwima, Mary Muhindo, Norah Mwebaza, Tamara D. Clark, Bishop Opira, Miriam Nakalembe, Diane Havlir, Moses Kamya, Philip J. Rosenthal, Grant Dorsey, Francesca Aweeka, Radojka M. Savic
  • Open Access
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Schistosoma japonicum</span>
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum

    An estimated 40 million women of reproductive age are infected with one of three species of the waterborne parasite Schistosoma spp. Treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is the mainstay of schistosomiasis control for populations living in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant and lactating women be included in schistosomiasis MDA programs, and...

    Amaya L. Bustinduy, Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona, Mark H. Mirochnick, Edmund V. Capparelli, Veronica Tallo, Luz P. Acosta, Remigio M. Olveda, Jennifer F. Friedman, William W. Hope
  • Fosamprenavir with Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics during Pregnancy
    Pharmacology
    Fosamprenavir with Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics during Pregnancy

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir during pregnancy and postpartum. Amprenavir (the active moiety of fosamprenavir) and ritonavir intensive pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed at steady state during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. Plasma concentrations of amprenavir and ritonavir were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography....

    Ahizechukwu C. Eke, Jiajia Wang, Khadija Amin, David E. Shapiro, Alice Stek, Elizabeth Smith, Nahida Chakhtoura, Michael Basar, Kathleen George, Katherine M. Knapp, Esaú C. João, Kittipong Rungruengthanakit, Edmund Capparelli, Sandra Burchett, Mark Mirochnick, Brookie M. Best, for the P1026s Protocol Team
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol in Pregnant South African Women with Tuberculosis and HIV
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol in Pregnant South African Women with Tuberculosis and HIV

    Tuberculosis is an important cause of maternal morbidity, but little is known about the effects of pregnancy on antituberculosis drug concentrations. We developed population pharmacokinetic models to describe drug dispositions of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in pregnant women with tuberculosis and HIV. HIV-positive pregnant women with tuberculosis receiving standard first-line tuberculosis treatment and participating in...

    Mahmoud Tareq Abdelwahab, Rory Leisegang, Kelly E. Dooley, Jyoti S. Mathad, Lubbe Wiesner, Helen McIlleron, Neil Martinson, Ziyaad Waja, Matebogo Letutu, Richard E. Chaisson, Paolo Denti
    and on behalf of the Tshepiso Study Team
  • Open Access
    A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three- versus Five-Day Artemether-Lumefantrine Regimens for Treatment of Uncomplicated <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium falciparum</span> Malaria in Pregnancy in Africa
    Clinical Therapeutics
    A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three- versus Five-Day Artemether-Lumefantrine Regimens for Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Pregnancy in Africa

    Artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial efficacy in pregnancy could be compromised by reduced drug exposure. Population-based simulations suggested that therapeutic efficacy would be improved if the treatment duration was increased.

    Marie A. Onyamboko, Richard M. Hoglund, Sue J. Lee, Charlie Kabedi, Daddy Kayembe, Benjamin B. Badjanga, Gareth D. H. Turner, Nikky V. Jackson, Joel Tarning, Rose McGready, Francois Nosten, Nicholas J. White, Nicholas P. J. Day, Caterina Fanello
  • Evaluation of Fetal and Maternal Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury during Pregnancy in a Rat Model
    Pharmacology
    Evaluation of Fetal and Maternal Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury during Pregnancy in a Rat Model

    Previous literature suggests that maternal vancomycin crosses the placental barrier to the fetus. Further, early animal studies indicated that kidney injury was not observed in the progeny. These studies were conducted prior to the availability of sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Therefore, a previous finding of no renal damage to the infant may be misleading.

    Medha D. Joshi, Gwendolyn M. Pais, Jack Chang, Khrystyna Hlukhenka, Sean N. Avedissian, Anil Gulati, Walter C. Prozialeck, Peter C. Lamar, Zhong Zhang, Marc H. Scheetz, Brooke Griffin

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